Climate trends in a non-traditional high quality wine producing region

Abstract

The global warming may put pressure over some world's highest quality wine producing regions. This fact indicates the need to evaluate the presence of climate change in non-traditional wine producing regions of the Globe. Therefore, the goals of this study were to detect trends in rainfall and air temperature series obtained from three locations of the eastern part of the State of São Paulo, Brazil (a non-traditional high quality wine producing region) and to evaluate the effect of the detected climate trends on agrometeorological indices frequently used to indicate suitable areas for wine production. The trend analyses were applied to maximum and minimum air temperature series, rainfall series and to the following agrometeorological parameters: heliothermal index, cool night index and growing degree-days. These three indices were selected due to their previous use in studies that address the effect of regional climate conditions on the general wine style. The analyses took into account the grape phenological aspects for both summer and winter growing seasons. The results found in this study support the hypothesis of the presence of climate trends in the wine producing regions of the eastern part of the State of São Paulo-Brazil. These trends are mostly linked to changes in the minimum air temperature. The results also reveal a shortening in the duration of grapevines phenological phases and a change to warmer conditions during the ripening Months. These changes are consistent with the climate changes observed in other wine producing regions of the world and may negatively affect the wine production of the eastern part of the State of São Paulo.Key words: global warming, biometeorological indices, Mann-Kendall. Tendências climáticas em uma região não tradicional de produção de vinhos de alta qualidadeResumo O aquecimento global pode afetar negativamente regiões tradicionalmente vitícolas do globo terrestre. Esse fato indica a necessidade de verificar a presença de alterações nos padrões climáticos em regiões alternativas (ou não tradicionais) para o cultivo de uvas para vinhos finos. Assim, os objetivos desse estudo foram detectar tendências climáticas em séries de temperatura do ar e precipitação pluvial em três localidades da parte leste do estado de São Paulo e avaliar os efeitos dessas alterações em índices agrometeorológicos frequentemente utilizados na indicação de áreas favoráveis à produção de uvas para vinho. As análises de tendência foram aplicadas a séries de temperatura máxima e mínima, a séries de precipitação pluvial e aos seguintes índices, selecionados por serem usualmente utilizados em estudos que abordam o efeito do clima regional sobre a produção de uvas para vinho: heliotérmico, frio noturno e graus-dia. Consideraram-se os aspectos fenológicos em safras de verão e inverno. Os resultados suportam a hipótese de presença de mudanças climáticas na região do estudo, indicando que ela é fundamentalmente relacionada a alterações temporais na temperatura mínima do ar. Observou-se também o enc...

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