Bone mineral density: review

Paz, Ibiara Correia de Lima Almeida; Bruno, Luís Daniel Giusti

doi:10.1590/s1516-635x2006000200001

Cited by 34 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Almeida Paz and Bruno (2006) write that minerals in bones usually are deposited in the period before egg laying, and the mineral density decreases as the egg production grows. Rayan et al (2013) showed, that the percent content of calcium and phosphorus in the tibia bones decreased with age of layer hens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rath et al (2000) indicate the connection between the bone strength and the bone growth and mass. According to Almeida Paz and Bruno (2006), one of the most important bone quality parameters is mineral density which can be determined by measuring the bone braking strength or the Seedor index (bone weight to length ratio). The authors write that the skeleton quality depends on many factors, such as age, sex, diet or the egg production.…”

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A Comparison of Morphometric Indices, Mineralization Level of Long Bones and Selected Blood Parameters in Hens of Three Breeds

Skomorucha

Sosnówka-Czajka

2021

Annals of Animal Science

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The aim of the study was to compare morphometric indices and the mineralization level of humerus, femur and tibia in Leghorn (H-22), Sussex (S-66) and Rhode Island Red (R-11) hens at different age (weeks 6., 16., 45. and 64.), as well as some blood parameters. The material for the experiment was one-day old chicks of breeds: Leghorn (H-22), Sussex (S-66) and Rhode Island Red –RIR (R-11), which were separated into three groups. At 6, 16, 45 and 64 weeks of the study, 10 birds selected from each group were weighed, slaughtered, and their right femurs, tibiae and humeri were dissected. After removing soft tissues, the bones were weighed and measured for length, diameter, and the Seedor index (SI) was calculated. The bones were analysed for the content of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and crude ash (CA). At 64 weeks, blood was collected from the hens and analysed for the concentration of Ca, P, pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline. The study showed that hen breed had an effect mostly on morphometric indices of the bones such as bone weight and diameter, and the Seedor index (SI), while the age of birds had an effect on the bone mineralization level up to 45 weeks of age. The bone mineralization did not decrease in the studied breeds of hens at the end of the laying period. It was also found that heavier birds (RIR) had greater diameter bones and a higher SI, but the content of ash and minerals in the bones of that breed was generally similar to the Leghorn and Sussex hens. RIR hens exhibited higher phosphorus plasma concentration compared to Sussex hens. This may suggest that RIR birds have a slightly stronger bone system compared to Leghorn and Sussex hens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Morphometric Indices, Mineralization Level of Long Bones and Selected Blood Parameters in Hens of Three Breeds

Skomorucha

Sosnówka-Czajka

2021

Annals of Animal Science

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“…Mineral BD can be measured using techniques, such as the mineral composition of the bone, bone resistance, and Seedor index ( Almeida Paz and Bruno, 2006 ). For BR of the femur, the best result was found when the level of Ca was at 3.27%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium and available phosphorus requirements of Japanese quails in early egg-laying stage

et al. 2021

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An experiment was conducted to estimate the nutritional requirements of calcium ( Ca ) and available phosphorus ( aP ) for Japanese quails ( Coturnix coturnix japonica ) in the egg-laying stage (64–168 D). The experiment was an entirely randomized design, in a factorial scheme (Ca = 1.70, 2.40, 3.10, and 3.80% and aP = 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, and 0.60%), with 3 replicates and 10 quails per experimental unit. No interactions were found for quail body weight and daily feed intake ( DFI ) ( P > 0.05). However, body weight decreased linearly ( P < 0.05) as the levels of Ca increased, whereas DFI exhibited a quadratic effect ( P < 0.05) for both Ca and aP. The lowest values of DFI were estimated in 2.79 and 0.36% for Ca and aP, respectively. Egg production, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio per egg dozen presented significant interaction in which all of them had a quadratic effect ( P < 0.05), with estimations for maximum yield in feed containing 2.74, 2.71, 2.75, and 2.74% Ca and 0.40, 0.39, 0.39, and 0.40% aP. The concentration of Ca in the eggshell increased linearly as per the levels of Ca studied, having a quadratic effect for aP levels, with a maximum point of 0.44%. In relation to the bone parameters, there was a linear interaction for Ca and aP in bone density and bone resistance ( BR ) of the femur, with a quadratic effect in BD estimating 2.84 and 0.50% for Ca and aP, respectively. In BR, the estimation was 3.27% Ca, with linear increase for aP. The BR of the tibiotarso increased linearly as per the Ca levels, obtaining the same Ca concentration response in this bone. As conclusion, when considering the estimations obtained through overlapped contour plots, the best responses to the effects of Ca and aP on productive characteristics were estimated at 2.68% Ca and 0.38% aP to produce feed for egg-laying Japanese quails.

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“…Those opposed to tibia optical densitometry argue that it is difficult to standardise results obtained from different researchers. However, this lack of standardization is eliminated by using a densitometric reference, such as an aluminum wedge, next to the bones during the X‐ray exposition and by calibrating the image analyser software using the aluminum wedge as reference (Almeida Paz & Bruno, ). Hydroxyapatite and aluminum have similar densities, thus it is plausible to associate bone mineralization to the amount of aluminum found in a pre‐determined scale (Loubel & Dubois, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of phytase and citric acid, but not phytase alone, ensures regular rates of growth and bone mineralization in quails under severe phosphorus restriction

Vieira

Caramori

Corrêa

et al. 2019

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of phytase (PHY), alone or in combination with citric acid (CA), on growing Japanese quails under moderate and severe phosphorus (P) restriction. For this, 504 one-day-old female quails were distributed in a completely randomised design with seven treatments and six replications. Treatments consisted of the following diets: (a) positive control (PC): formulated according to quails nutritional requirements; (b) negative control 40% (NC 40 ): PC with 40% less aP; (c) NC 40 +PHY; (d) NC 40 +PHY+CA; (e) negative control 65% (NC 65 ): PC with 65% less aP; (f) NC 65 +PHY; (g) NC 65 +PHY+CA. Phytase and CA were included at 300 FTU/kg and 40 g/kg, respectively. Performance, bone mineralization and plasma mineral concentration were evaluated at day 35; calcium (Ca) and P metabolism, between days 36 and 39. No significant differences in performance, plasma Ca and Pwere detected between quails fed PC or NC 40 ; however, NC 40 decreased tibia ash (p < 0.01). Treatment NC 65 impaired daily weight gain (p = 0.01), tibia ash (p < 0.01), and tibia optical densitometry (p = 0.03), as well as modified plasma Ca (p < 0.01) and P (p = 0.03) concentrations when compared to PC. Both NC 40 and NC 65 reduced P excretion (p < 0.01). Phytase alone restored tibia ash of NC 40 quails to regular rates. Nevertheless, only PHY and CA combined returned plasma P, tibia ash, tibia optical densitometry, and daily weight gain of quails fed NC 65 to similar values as those observed in PC. In conclusion, PHY alone suppresses the negative effects of moderate P restriction in growing Japanese quails, but fails in this task under severe P restriction. In such a situation, only the combination of PHY and CA ensures regular rates of growth and bone mineralization. This concept should be better explored by producers in order to take full advantage of the reduction in P excretion achieved by lowering dietary P concentrations. K E Y W O R D S bone densitometry, citrate, organic acid, phytase, quail S U PP O RTI N G I N FO R M ATI O N Additional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section at the end of the article. How to cite this article: Vieira BS, Caramori Junior JG, Correa GSS, et al. Combination of phytase and citric acid, but not phytase alone, ensures regular rates of growth and bone mineralization in quails under severe phosphorus restriction.

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Bone mineral density: review

Cited by 34 publications

References 25 publications

A Comparison of Morphometric Indices, Mineralization Level of Long Bones and Selected Blood Parameters in Hens of Three Breeds

A Comparison of Morphometric Indices, Mineralization Level of Long Bones and Selected Blood Parameters in Hens of Three Breeds

Calcium and available phosphorus requirements of Japanese quails in early egg-laying stage

Combination of phytase and citric acid, but not phytase alone, ensures regular rates of growth and bone mineralization in quails under severe phosphorus restriction

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