Biomatrix from goat-waste in sponge/gel/powder form for tissue engineering and synergistic effect of nanoceria

Abstract

For tissue engineering (TE), decellularized matrices gained huge potential as they consist of natural biomolecules which help in cell attachment and proliferation. Among various animal tissues, goat tissue has gained least attention in spite of the fact that goat tissue is less susceptible to disease transmission as compared to cadaveric porcine and bovine tissue. In this study, goat small intestine submucosa (G-SIS) was isolated from goat small intestine (G-SI), a waste from goat-slaughterhouse, and decellularized to obtain decellularized G-SIS (DG-SIS) biomatrix in the form of powder, gel and sponge form, so that it can be used for healing various types of wounds. Further, nanoceria (NC), owing to its free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and angiogenic properties, was incorporated in the DG-SIS in to fabricate DG-SIS/NC nanobiocomposite scaffold, which may exhibit synergistic effects to accelerate tissue regeneration. The scaffolds were found to be hydrophilic, biodegradable, haemocompatible, biocompatible, antibacterial and showed free radical scavenging capability. The scaffold containing NC concentration (500 µg ml−1) depicted highest cell (fibroblast cells) adhesion, MTT activity and free radical scavenging as compared to the DG-SIS and other nanobiocomposite scaffolds. Thus, DG-SIS/NC3 (NC with concentration 500 µg ml−1) scaffold could be a potential scaffold biomaterial for skin TE application.

Curcumin in decellularized goat small intestine submucosa for wound healing and skin tissue engineering

“…7,12,13,16,17 In this study, to enhance the healing of the full-thickness/deep wound, we aim at developing a novel biomatrix by embedding curcumin in the decellularized goat small intestine submucosa (DG-SIS), which consists of various extracellular matrix (ECM) biomolecules (e.g., glycosaminoglycans [GAGs], proteoglycans, collagens, fibronectins, and laminins) that may trigger the cells to multiply faster, accelerating the healing of the full-thickness wound. 18 DG-SIS is basically an ECM obtained by the removal of cells from G-SIS. For wound healing, many ECM-based biomatrices had been developed, and these are mainly derived from cadaver porcine and bovine tissues.…”

“…20 However, the use of porcine and bovine-derived ECMs is susceptible to disease transmission. 18 ECM from goat, a popular and caprine animal widely available in India and Asia, 18 has less chance of disease transmission to humans in comparison with the porcine/bovine tissues because the goat scrapie prions do not transmit any disease to humans. 18,[21][22][23][24] In contrast, bovine-and porcine-based scaffolds may induce diseases in humans, for example, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.…”

“…18 ECM from goat, a popular and caprine animal widely available in India and Asia, 18 has less chance of disease transmission to humans in comparison with the porcine/bovine tissues because the goat scrapie prions do not transmit any disease to humans. 18,[21][22][23][24] In contrast, bovine-and porcine-based scaffolds may induce diseases in humans, for example, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. 18,21 Still, goat tissue-derived ECM biomaterials are least explored for wound-healing and tissue engineering.…”

“…18,[21][22][23][24] In contrast, bovine-and porcine-based scaffolds may induce diseases in humans, for example, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. 18,21 Still, goat tissue-derived ECM biomaterials are least explored for wound-healing and tissue engineering. Goat tissues such as lung, 25 liver, 21 and skin 26 have been explored for wound-healing and other tissue engineering applications.…”

PLLA–gelatin composite fiber membranes incorporated with functionalized CeNPs as a sustainable wound dressing substitute promoting skin regeneration and scar remodeling

“…36,37,46,47 It is well known that CeNPs (further in the text) have antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (such as Staphylococcus, Bacillus tetanus, and Finegoldia magna etc.) and Gram-negative bacteria, 48,49 which cause wound inflammation, redness, swelling, heating and pain in the wound. [50][51][52][53] Furthermore, CeNPs are known to induce angiogenesis by regulating the oxygen environment in the cells.…”