Recent Advances on Cerium Oxide‐Based Biomaterials: Toward the Next Generation of Intelligent Theranostics Platforms

Abstract

Disease or organ damage due to unhealthy living habits, or accidents, is inevitable. Discovering an efficient strategy to address these problems is urgently needed in the clinic. In recent years, the biological applications of nanotechnology have received extensive attention. Among them, as a widely used rare earth oxide, cerium oxide (CeO2) has shown good application prospects in biomedical fields due to its attractive physical and chemical properties. Here, the enzyme‐like mechanism of CeO2 is elucidated, and the latest research progress in the biomedical field is reviewed. At the nanoscale, Ce ions in CeO2 can be reversibly converted between +3 and +4. The conversion process is accompanied by the generation and elimination of oxygen vacancies, which give CeO2 the performance of dual redox properties. This property facilitates nano‐CeO2 to catalyze the scavenging of excess free radicals in organisms, hence providing a possibility for the treatment of oxidative stress diseases such as diabetic foot, arthritis, degenerative neurological diseases, and cancer. In addition, relying on its excellent catalytic properties, customizable life‐signaling factor detectors based on electrochemical techniques are developed. At the end of this review, an outlook on the opportunities and challenges of CeO2 in various fields is provided.

Anti‐inflammatory cerium‐containing nano‐scaled mesoporous bioactive glass for promoting regenerative capability of dental pulp cells

“…People may have concerns regarding the side effects of Ce, as it is a rare earth element. Actually, Ce is a widely used rare earth element, that not only has good biocompatibility, but also shows promising application prospects in the biomedical field owing to its attractive dual redox properties, especially in oxidative stress diseases, like liver inflammation and gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders, etc (Corsi et al, 2023;Huang et al, 2023;Xue et al, 2023). Both MBGNs and Ce-MBGNs exhibited good biocompatibility.…”

Progress in Lipid and Inorganic Nanocarriers for Enhanced Skin Drug Delivery

“…The NPs can disrupt mitochondria and increase ROS in the cancer cells, which can lead to cell damage and trigger apoptosis through cytochrome c and caspases. [114] CeO 2 -NPs also inhibit myofibroblast development, which can halt cancer growth. Commercial CeO 2 NPs have been used to kill melanoma cells from in vitro studies.…”