Biochemical evidence for free radicalinduced lipid peroxidation as a mechanism for subchronic toxicity of malathion in blood and liver of rats

Abstract

<jats:p> Organophosphorus compounds may induce oxidative stress leading to generation of free radicals and alterations in antioxidant and scavengers of oxygen free radicals (OFRs). The effect of subchronic exposure to malathion in the production of oxidative stress was evaluated in male Wistar rats. Administration of malathion (100, 316, 1000, 1500 ppm) for 4 weeks increased catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in red blood cells (RBC) and liver. However, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and cholinesterase (ChE) activities were decreased in these samples. The increase in RBC and liver lipid peroxidation correlated well with the inhibition in RBC AChE and liver ChE activities. Elevation of MDA concentrations and increased activities of CAT and SOD showed significant correlations in both RBC and liver samples when different doses of malathion were used. The results of the present study suggest the usefulness of RBC AChE measurement as a good biomarker in the estimation of malathion-induced oxidative stress affecting blood and liver. </jats:p>

Protective Role of Vitamin C and Green Tea Extract on Malathion-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity in Rats

“…as compared to control. Supporting the present findings, malathion also provoked alteration in antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, GPx following sub chronic exposure in animals (Akhgari et al, 2003;Abdollahi et al, 2004) may be due to hepato and neurotoxicity induced by several organophosphorus induced Reactive Oxygen Species (Mansour and Mossa, 2010; and associated with lipid peroxidation and phospholipids degradation (Mansour and Mossa, 2009), it has been previously reported that during liver damage there was an observed decrease in antioxidant defenses in the liver (Seven et al, 2004;Heikal et al (2012). In other hand in groups treated by malathion plus vitamine c or malathion plus green tea there were a significant decrease in activities of SOD, GSH and GPx in rat liver if compared with malathion treated group may be due to vitamin c is proposed to reduce oxidative stress from H2O2 potentially by reducing the free radical species generated from H2O2 and reduces oxidative DNA damage (Noroozi et al, 1998), more over green tea extract enhances the expression of intracellular endogenous antioxidants such as SOD and GPX by maintaining their activities higher compared to the malathion group and other antioxidants enzymes such as glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathionereductase and quinone reductase (Valerio et al, 2001) Administration of green tea to ethanol-treated rats of different ages partly normalized the activity of enzymes and the level of non-enzymatic antioxidants (Khan et al, 2007).…”

Liver Function Status in Male Wister Rats Treated with Ethanol Extract of the Leaves of Nauclea latifolia Owing to Aluminum Chloride-Induced Oxidative Stress

“…Aluminum exposure can result in aluminum accumulation in the liver and this metal can be toxic to the hepatic tissue at high concentrations [13]. Cellular membranes contain polyunsaturated fatty acids susceptible to the action of free oxygen radicals that initiate membrane lipid peroxidation, thus leading to disturbances in the structure and function of cells [14,15]. Lipid aldehydes generated during breakdown of lipid superoxides are especially dangerous to the organism.…”

“…These aldehydes, although less reactive than superoxides, can easily migrate at a considerable distance and have a longer (a few minute) half-life. Therefore, lipid aldehydes can react with other molecules far away from the site of their origin [15]. In this study there was an increase in liver TBARS level because AlCl 3 and the plant extract are metabolized in the liver in the presence of cytochrome P450-dependent mixed function monooxygenases, which hydroxylate organophosphates to hydrophilic intermediary products [16].…”

Characteristics of protein variants in trichlorphon-resistant Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera; Tephritidae) larvae

“…Another function is to induce delayed polyneuropathy through organophosphorus pesticides, which is related to the inhibition of esterase activity of neuropathy targets (Johnson, 1982). In addition, the metabolic mechanisms of insect reaction to organophosphorus compounds are involved in antioxidant defense and lipid peroxidation in cytotoxicity (Ranson et al, 2002;Akhgari et al, 2003). However, the correlation between the resistance response of insects after organophosphorus compound treatment and the change in protein expression level is still limited.…”