The present study was designed to determine the modulating effect of green tea and vitamin C against adverse effects of malathion. Animals were divided into four groups 5 rats /group). Group one was used as a control. Group two given malathion (50 mg/kg/day; 1/50 of the LD50 for four weeks). Group three and Group four were given malathion (50 mg/kg/day; 1/50 of the LD50 for four weeks) plus vitamin C (200 mg/kg/day) and plus green tea (36 mg/kg/day) respectively. At the end of the fourth week, the malathion-treated group had significantly lower Red Blood Cell count (RBCs), Hemoglobin concentration (Hb), Packed Cell Volume (PCV%) and leucocytes (WBCs) than the control group. Compared to the control group, the malathion-treated group had significantly higher serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), urea, creatinine and uric acid levels than the control group. The malathion treated rats also had significantly lower serum total protein, albumin and globulin levels than the control group, but the malathion plus vitamin C and malathion plus green tea groups did not differ from the control group in terms of these parameters. Moreover, concomitant vitamin C and green tea treatment significantly normalized, at least partially, all of the other hematological and biochemical parameters that were altered by malathion. Liver tissue homogenate in malathion treated group had lower Glutathione (GSH), Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-PX) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) levels accompanied with higher level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) than the control group. Histopathological studies revealed that the malathion-treated, malathion plus vitamin C and malathion plus green tea treated groups exhibited histopathological changes in liver and kidney tissues, although some pathological features were only observed in the malathion-treated group. Thus, vitamin C and green tea can reduce malathion hepatotoxicity and nephrptoxicity.

Cadmium (Cd) is wide-spread toxic metal that pollutes most of the vegetables, which eaten by numerous populations all over the world. The aim of the current work is to evaluate the protective and prophylactic effects of the antioxidant materials in the grape seed extract (GSE) on the hepatic intoxication induced by cadmium chloride toxic material in male Wistar rats. Male adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Control group fed on balanced diet and given drinking water. Group two (control positive) given CdCl2 in the dose of 0.44 mg/kg body weight (BW) by stomach tube daily. Group three given grape seed extract GSE in the dose of (100 mg/kg BW) daily by stomach tube. Finally, the fourth group gave mixture of (GSE and CdCl2) by stomach tube in the recommended dose. Blood and liver tissues were collected for further biochemical and histopathological studies. CdCl2 significantly increased the serum levels of malondialdehyde, ALT and AST. Cadmium administration decreased levels of antioxidants (Catalase, GSH-R and GSH-Px). The liver of the control positive groups which given CdCl2 showed degenerative changes in the form of vacuolar and hydropic degeneration. Congestion was evident in the central vein and proliferation of the kupffer cells. These hepatic biochemical and degenerative changes were ameliorated by the co addition of GSE.

Lornoxicam is a potent oxicam-class nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects. Its impacts on many biological functions are not fully understood. We measured various biomarkers in male albino rats provided an oral aqueous ginger extract before IM administration of therapeutic and 2× the therapeutic doses of lornoxicam. The aqueous ginger plant extract was characterized by mass spectroscopy, and its effects were determined by examining free radical scavenging activity, blood parameters, renal and hepatic function, semen quality, proinflammatory cytokines, antioxidant markers, and histopathology. Rats administered lornoxicam had significantly higher liver and kidney function biomarker values, TNF-α, interleukin-6, and sperm abnormalities than the control rats. The overall erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, prostaglandin, and sperm counts were all considerably lower in the experimental animals. Histological changes were found in the liver, spleen, and testes of rats administered lornoxicam alone. In rats, pretreatment with ginger extract reduced the majority of the negative effects of conventional and high dosages of lornoxicam.

The current work was done on four groups of rats (10 for each) to detect the hepato-protective characters of curcumin on the toxicity induced by lithium carbonate. The oral administration of Li 2 Co 3 for onemonth lead to noticeable decrease in the SOD, CAT and GSH while the increase in the GPx and some histological changes in the portal tissues including hydropic degeneration and thickening in the wall of the veins with numerous vacuolar degenerations were detected in most of the liver cells. Haemorrghic, edematous blood vessels were noticed in the portal tissues. Focal areas of lymphocytic infiltration were located around the congested blood vessels and spread between the liver hepatic cords. Noticeable significant elevation of total chromosomal structure aberrations (a centaromeric, dicentric, break, fragment, deletion, sticky, end to end and ring) and total chromosomal numerical aberrations (hypoploidy, hyperploid and polyploidy). While the pre-treatment with curcumin lead to improvement of the hepatic architecture and biochemical parameters. Also diminish of all chromosomal structure aberrations and all chromosomal numerical aberrations were noticed after treatment with curcumin. Curcumin can prevent the hazard effect of lithium carbonate on liver tissue.

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) and sulfite are frequently used as flavor enhancer and most applied as food additives in modern nutrition globally. This study was planned to investigate the toxic effect of MSG on liver and kidney when administered to broiler chickens during the growth period. Forty, day-old, unsexed Ross broiler chicks, assigned into 4 groups: (10 chicks each), fed on standard diet mixed with 0.75g of MSG/kg (group A), sodium metabisulfite 3.5g/kg (group B), 0.75g MSG + 3.5g sulfite /kg (group C) and control group (group D). Oxidative stress indicators malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were determined. Liver and kidney function testes for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme and creatinine metabolite were examined. Histopathology of liver and kidney tissues were conducted in all exposed groups. The results indicated increase in the levels of serum ALP, creatinine, MDA and SOD in all exposed groups in comparison with control. Disturbance in hepatic architecture with hydropic changes in hepatic cells with congestion of the interstitial blood vessels and necrobiosis of renal tubular epithelium were also registered.

The liver is a vital organ that performs most of the body's metabolic and detoxifying functions. There are various exogenous and endogenous factors that might cause liver issues. Carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) is non-inflammable colorless organic compound and employed in a variety of industrial fields. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is one of the prospective pharmaceutical candidates possesses multiple clinical applications. The purpose of this study is to determine whether NAC has a protective effect in cases of liver injury or not. Thirty male albino rats were involved in the study, which lasted one month. They were categorized into three groups: control, liver injury group (0.5 ml/kg rat body weight (Bwt) CCL4 administered orally twice a week), and protective group (150 mg/kg Bwt NAC supplied orally). Serum lipid and protein profiles and liver enzymes activities were evaluated. Antioxidant, oxidative stress, and anti-inflammatory parameters were also assessed. Additionally, hepatic tissue was subjected to a histopathological investigation. The biochemical and histopathological results revealed dramatic improvement of studied parameters in NAC protective group comparing to liver injury one. Hence, we can conclude that, NAC shown a great potential in attenuating liver injury induced by CCL4 via refinement tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and reduced glutathione pathway.

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Cattle have an economic importance in New Valley governorate. Emaciation and poor production of cattle were the main complains of farmers. The aim of the present work is to identify the real causes of ill-thriftiness in cattle in New-Valley Governorate And evaluate the relation between emaciation and clinical sign, the hematological, biochemical parameters in blood serum of cattle and parasitology for fecal sample of emaciated cattle. This study was conducted for a period from July 2021 to June 2022. A total number of 200 cattle of different ages, sexes, and breeds from different localities in new valley governorate; EI-Karga, EL-Dakhla and Balat, classified into two groups first one includes 170 emaciated cattle and second group include (30) cattle is consider as healthy cattle (control). My study carried out on body condition score (1, 2). Clinical examination showed decrease in body weight, not increase in BW, dehydration, pale conjunctival mucous membranes (signs of anemia), infertility, reduced milk production, pica, and heavy infestation by tick. The results of hematological analysis showed that significant decrease of RBC and Hb concentration in BCS1 and BCS2, Additionally, HCT and ESINO showed significant increase in BCS1 While the results of biochemical serum analysis explained that significant decrease of serum Ca 2+ , P 3+ , Cu 2+ , Fe 2++ and Gl in BCS1. On the other hand, there was significant decrease of serum P 3+ , Cu2+, Fe 2++ , and Gl concentrations were decreased in BCS2 when compared to control. The activity of liver enzymes was noted there was significant decrease of AST activity in BCS1and BCS2. While serum creatinine was significant decrease in BCS1 when compared toBCS2 and control. The results of fecal examination showed that the highest prevalence of infection was infected by protozoa, followed by infected by nematode and the lowest rate was infected by trematode. The results of the present study indicate that ill-thriftiness in cattle occur because of bad management, nutritional deficiency, and failure to use anthelmintic regularly in periodic system for eliminate both external and internal parasites, Also the nature of the soil, water, and climate in the New Valley Governorate. Identification of the risk factors associated with ill-thrift may provide useful information, which assist to construct the suitable preventive measures.