Protective Role of Vitamin C and Green Tea Extract on Malathion-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity in Rats

Abstract

The present study was designed to determine the modulating effect of green tea and vitamin C against adverse effects of malathion. Animals were divided into four groups 5 rats /group). Group one was used as a control. Group two given malathion (50 mg/kg/day; 1/50 of the LD50 for four weeks). Group three and Group four were given malathion (50 mg/kg/day; 1/50 of the LD50 for four weeks) plus vitamin C (200 mg/kg/day) and plus green tea (36 mg/kg/day) respectively. At the end of the fourth week, the malathion-treated group had significantly lower Red Blood Cell count (RBCs), Hemoglobin concentration (Hb), Packed Cell Volume (PCV%) and leucocytes (WBCs) than the control group. Compared to the control group, the malathion-treated group had significantly higher serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), urea, creatinine and uric acid levels than the control group. The malathion treated rats also had significantly lower serum total protein, albumin and globulin levels than the control group, but the malathion plus vitamin C and malathion plus green tea groups did not differ from the control group in terms of these parameters. Moreover, concomitant vitamin C and green tea treatment significantly normalized, at least partially, all of the other hematological and biochemical parameters that were altered by malathion. Liver tissue homogenate in malathion treated group had lower Glutathione (GSH), Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-PX) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) levels accompanied with higher level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) than the control group. Histopathological studies revealed that the malathion-treated, malathion plus vitamin C and malathion plus green tea treated groups exhibited histopathological changes in liver and kidney tissues, although some pathological features were only observed in the malathion-treated group. Thus, vitamin C and green tea can reduce malathion hepatotoxicity and nephrptoxicity.

Impact of Exposure to Fenitrothion on Vital Organs in Rats

“…These results coincide with previous studies which demonstrated that the kidney is one of the target organs of OPs [67, 68]. …”

Modulatory effects of vitamin C on biochemical and oxidative changes induced by acute exposure to diazinon in rat various tissues: Prophylactic and therapeutic roles

“…This effect of vitamin C may be due to its free radical scavenging properties, the inhibition of ROS generation and indirect effect as a regulator of antioxidative systems. These findings are in agreement with the results of the previous reports that showed vitamin C has strong antioxidant properties against pesticide-induced toxicity, as it increased the level of GSH and decreased level of MAD in various tissues (Elzoghby et al, 2014;Jaiswal, Siddiqi, & Sharma, 2013).…”

“…Diazinon acts by irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) leading to accumulation of neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) in the peripheral and central cholinergic receptors, resulting in overstimulation of the cholinergic system and subsequent paralysis (Elzoghby, Ahlam, Abdel‐Fatah, & Farouk, ; Jafari, Salehi, Ahmadi, et al, ). Besides, DZN as a lipophilic molecule easily passes through the cell membrane into the cytoplasm and induces oxidative stress through production of ROS, enhancing level of lipid peroxidation, depletion of glutathione (GSH) level and significantly altering the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) in various tissues of animals (Abdel‐Daim, ; Abdel‐Daim et al, ; Abdelkhalek et al, ; Jafari, Salehi, Ahmadi, et al, ).…”

Modulatory effect of Turnera diffusa against testicular toxicity induced by fenitrothion and/or hexavalent chromium in rats

“…The mechanism of organophosphate insecticides toxicity is mainly through acetyl cholinesterase (AchE) inactivation leading to acetylcholine accumulation throughout the nervous system, resulting in overstimulation of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. In fact, the toxicity of organophosphorus insecticides results in negative effects on many organs and systems such as liver, kidney, nervous system, immune system, and reproductive system . Fenitrothion (O,O‐dimethyl‐O‐(3‐methyl‐4‐nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate, an organophosphorus insecticide, is widely used for controlling a wide range of chewing and sucking insects on rice, cereals, fruits, vegetables, stored grains, and cotton .…”