This study was designed to investigate the impact of oral administration of fenitrothion (10 mg/kg) on liver, kidney, brain, and lung function in rats. The effect was studied on days 7, 14, 21, 28, and 42. Our results have shown deterioration in liver function as evidenced by the elevation in serum ALT, AST, ALP, and bilirubin and reduction in albumin and hepatic glycogen. This was associated with a state of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia and increased prothrombin time, while hemoglobin content was reduced. In addition, the kidney function was reduced as indicated by the elevation in serum creatinine, uric acid, and BUN, while the serum levels of magnesium, potassium, and sodium were reduced. This study also showed an impairment in brain neurotransmitter (elevated 5-HT, glutamate, GABA, and reduced dopamine and norepinephrine level). This was associated with a reduction in the barrier capacity in brain and lung. Fenitrothion also caused a decrease in cholinesterase activity in serum, lung, and brain activity associated with a state of oxidative stress in all tested organs and hyperammonemia. These results support the hazards of pesticide use and shows the importance of minimizing pesticide use or discovering new safe pesticides.
Exposure to pesticides may result in several health hazards including liver impairment which might be followed by impairment of brain functions or renal functions.The current study was designed to test the beneficial effects of dietary supplement with Physalis peruviana and Punica granatum against toxicity induced by fenitrothion. The toxic effect of fenitrothion, 10 mg/kg/day, orally for 28 day) on liver, brain and kidney functions and the prophylactic effect of daily Physalis (15 % of diet) and Punica (3 ml/kg) for 42 days starting 14 days before fenitrothion were investigated.Fenitrothion caused early impairment in liver functions accompanied by alteration in serum lipid profile and electrolyte level. Fenitrothion caused an elevation in liver ammonia then serum ammonia then brain ammonia. Both brain and kidney functions were impaired later. Fenitrothion caused a state of oxidative stress in liver, brain and kidney. Prophylaxis with Physalis, Punica or the standard hepatoprotective drug, silymarin largely ameliorated these deleterious effects which might be attributed to their antioxidant properties.These results suggest that Physalis and Punica might be future candidates for use in the treatment of toxicity by pesticides and further research is required to identify the active ingredients responsible for these protective actions.
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