Bat Optimized Link State Routing Protocol for Energy-Aware Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Abstract

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) can be described as a group of wireless mobile nodes that form a temporary dynamic and independent infrastructure network or a central administration facility. High energy consumption is one of the main problems associated with the MANET technology. The wireless mobile nodes used in this process rely on batteries because the network does not have a steady power supply. Thus, the rapid battery drain reduces the lifespan of the network. In this paper, a new Bat Optimized Link State Routing (BOLSR) protocol is proposed to improve the energy usage of the Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol in the MANET. The symmetry between OLSR of MANET and Bat Algorithm (BA) is that both of them use the same mechanism for finding the path via sending and receiving specific signals. This symmetry resulted in the BOLSR protocol that determines the optimized path from a source node to a destination node according to the energy dynamics of the nodes. The BOLSR protocol is implemented in a MANET simulation by using MATLAB toolbox. Different scenarios are tested to compare the BOLSR protocol with the Cellular Automata African Buffalo Optimization (CAABO), Energy-Based OLSR (EBOLSR), and the standard OLSR. The performance metric consists of routing overhead ratios, energy consumption, and end-to-end delay which is applied to evaluate the performance of the routing protocols. The results of the tests reveal that the BOLSR protocol reduces the energy consumption and increases the lifespan of the network, compared with the CAABO, EBOLSR, and OLSR.

A Hybrid Segmentation Pattern of Partial Transmission in Computer Networks to Reduce the Complexity Level

“…The invalidity of this signal means PAPR, and by separation from the extreme power, the average signal strength is generated. PAPR is generally associated with decibels (dB) [33], [34].…”

Determining an optimum zone radius for zone routing protocol (ZRP) based on node mobility

“…On the contrary, most of the research in previous years has given a lot of research effort on proactive and reactive routing protocols to provide communication between nodes in MANET networks. Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) [25] is an example of a proactive-routing protocol, Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) [26] and Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) [27] are examples of reactive-routing protocols. Therefore in this paper, we will work on study one of the most used hybrid routing protocols called zone routing protocol (ZRP), and try to find out the effect of the zone radius on the performance of ZRP by using a different number of zone radius in several cases for ZRP to determine the best zone radius that can be used in ZRP.…”

Genetic Optimized Location Aided Routing Protocol for VANET Based on Rectangular Estimation of Position

“…VANET is a subclass of the Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) [1]. It is based on the collection of vehicles instead of mobile nodes to communicate with each other and roadside infrastructure units [2]. It is a multi-hop ad-hoc network that is connected by using wireless technology belonging to the 802.11 families [3].…”

“…The wireless networks may be categorized into two designs, i.e., infrastructure-and non-infrastructure-based networks [5]. In an infrastructure-based network, wireless nodes are communicating by using access points (which can be relay nodes or base stations (BSs)), which are connected to a fixed network structure, such as switches or routers [2]. However, a non-infrastructure-based network does not require any access point or other BSs to communicate [6].…”