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The last decade has witnessed the rise of the proliferation of Internet-enabled devices. The Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming ever more pervasive in everyday life, connecting an ever-greater array of diverse physical objects. The key vision of the IoT is to bring a massive number of smart devices together in integrated and interconnected heterogeneous networks, making the Internet even more useful. Therefore, this paper introduces a brief introduction to the history and evolution of the Internet. Then, it presents the IoT, which is followed by a list of application domains and enabling technologies. The wireless sensor network (WSN) is revealed as one of the important elements in IoT applications, and the paper describes the relationship between WSNs and the IoT. This research is concerned with developing energy-efficiency techniques for WSNs that enable the IoT. After having identified sources of energy wastage, this paper reviews the literature that discusses the most relevant methods to minimizing the energy exhaustion of IoT and WSNs. We also identify the gaps in the existing literature in terms of energy preservation measures that could be researched and it can be considered in future works. The survey gives a near-complete and up-to-date view of the IoT in the energy field. It provides a summary and recommendations of a large range of energy-efficiency methods proposed in the literature that will help and support future researchers. Please note that the manuscript is an extended version and based on the summary of the Ph.D. thesis. This paper will give to the researchers an introduction to what they need to know and understand about the networks, WSNs, and IoT applications from scratch. Thus, the fundamental purpose of this paper is to introduce research trends and recent work on the use of IoT technology and the conclusion that has been reached as a result of undertaking the Ph.D. study.

In the 21st century, we are standing among a plethora of technologies and tools that prove the concepts of real-life applications. One such example is the internet of things (IoT) that uses sensor technology for communication. IoT is the network of physical devices that is used in various applications such as vehicles, home appliances, and telecommunication that are used to exchange data. In this chapter, the authors proposed the theoretical framework for IoT-based farming. The major challenge in farming is to deliver the product at the best possible price and quality to the end consumers. Now, in the current scenario, only 50% of the farm produce is reaching the consumer due to wastage of products, high cost, and local black marketing. The work is to focus on providing the solution based on past data analytics and current market conditions, which will help to reduce the cost and provide a minimal price to the farmer. The IoT is used for data collection, which will help to reduce the middle hops and agents between the farmer and consumer.

In recent years, the advancement in voice-based authentication leads in the field of numerous forensic voice authentication technology. For verification, the speech reference model is collected from various open-source clusters. In this chapter, the primary focus is on automatic speech recognition (ASR) technique which stores and retrieves the data and processes them in a scalable manner. There are the various conventional techniques for speech recognition such as BWT, SVD, and MFCC, but for automatic speech recognition, the efficiency of these conventional recognition techniques degrade. So, to overcome this problem, the authors propose a speech recognition system using E-SVD, D3-MFCC, and dynamic time wrapping (DTW). The speech signal captures its important qualities while discarding the unimportant and distracting features using D3-MFCC.

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Partial transmission sequence (PTS) is seen as a related project in the framework of the Orthogonal Frequency Division ‎Multiplexing (OFDM) to suppress the medium to high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio problem. The PTS chart data is based on dividing the back into subdivisions and their weight by combining step-by-step factors. Despite the fact that PTS can reduce the high specifications. The Computational Complexity Level (CC) limits the scope of application to match PTS use with ground applications. In PTS, there are three main distribution schemes. Interleaving projects (IL-PTS), arbitrary and alternate (PR-PTS) and Ad-PTS. In this paper, another algorithm called the Hybrid Pseudo-Random and Interleaving Cosine Wave Shape ‎‎(H-PRC-PTS) is presented and the PR-PTS equilibrium is established by stabilizing the cousin waveform between languages (S-IL-C- PTS), which was suggested in the previous work. The results showed that the proposed algorithm could reduce the validity of PAPR as a PR-PTS scheme, although the CC level was significantly reduced.

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