Quality of e-service is one of the critical factors that decide the success or failure of organizations. It may increase competitive advantages as well as enhance the relationships with the customers. Achieving high e-service quality and user satisfaction are challenging since they depend fundamentally on user perception and expectation which can be tricky at times. To date, there is no agreement as to what service quality is, and how it should be measured, whether it is a function of statistical measures of quality including physical defects or managerial judgment, or it is a function of customer perception about the services. This paper deep-dived the quality of e-services offered by five Malaysian Institutes of High Learning (IHL) including two private and three public universities. A quantitative approach was utilized to collect the data and AMOS 21 was used to analyze the data and develop the measurement model. The paper aims to find the relationship between e-service quality dimensions and the user satisfaction by using Conformity Factor Analysis (CFA) test with 320 students in the target universities. The research results indicated that the measurement model has acceptable values and the Structural Equation Model (SEM) has positive impact on the relationship between e-SQ dimensions and user satisfaction. Achieving high user satisfaction can enhance the competitive advantage of the universities in their respective target markets.

Partial transmission sequence (PTS) is seen as a related project in the framework of the Orthogonal Frequency Division ‎Multiplexing (OFDM) to suppress the medium to high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio problem. The PTS chart data is based on dividing the back into subdivisions and their weight by combining step-by-step factors. Despite the fact that PTS can reduce the high specifications. The Computational Complexity Level (CC) limits the scope of application to match PTS use with ground applications. In PTS, there are three main distribution schemes. Interleaving projects (IL-PTS), arbitrary and alternate (PR-PTS) and Ad-PTS. In this paper, another algorithm called the Hybrid Pseudo-Random and Interleaving Cosine Wave Shape ‎‎(H-PRC-PTS) is presented and the PR-PTS equilibrium is established by stabilizing the cousin waveform between languages (S-IL-C- PTS), which was suggested in the previous work. The results showed that the proposed algorithm could reduce the validity of PAPR as a PR-PTS scheme, although the CC level was significantly reduced.

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This paper proposes a smart water grids network (SWGN) architecture that combines the advantages of fog computing, internet of things (IoT), long range wide area network (LoRaWAN), and Software-defined networking (SDN). The main aims of the SWG architecture are to optimize data routing and monitor water supply and quality in real-time. SWGN handles a vast amount of data that is collected by IoT devices from different points related to water supply and quality. The data is processed in a distributed way by a number of fog servers that are located at the edge of the network. The fog controllers are deployed at the fog layer in order to take action locally for frequent events. The cloud layer has a cloud controller to take actions globally for infrequent events. The LoRaWAN provides communication technology that allows devices to operate regularly. The SDN technology decouples network traffic to control data routing decisions efficiently. A primitive evaluation under the Mininet emulator, focusing on SDN, shows the feasibility and efficiency of the architecture.