Determining an optimum zone radius for zone routing protocol (ZRP) based on node mobility

Al-Ani, Khalid W.; Yussof, Salman; Haglan, Hussein M.; Shaker, Hothefa; Alani, Linda Mahdi

doi:10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i2.pp1230-1237

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…When the zone radius value increases, the area of proactive-routing services in the network also increases and reduces the reactive-routing services, and conversely, when decreasing the zone radius value [18]. The experiment results show that in the static node environment, the reactive routing process was dominant when implementing LSTM-RNN instead of the proactive routing process and vice versa when implementing conventional ZRP.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Determining Optimal Zone Radius of Zone Routing Protocol Based on Deep Recurrent Neural Networks in the Next Generation Wireless Backhaul Networks

Sirait¹,

Jusoh²,

Dimyati³

et al. 2022

Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Next-generation wireless networks are becoming more popular and rely on reliable backhaul networks to work properly. Wireless backhaul networks also adopt various innovative technologies to improve capacity and provide more flexible deployments to meet networks' high-quality requirements. One of the essential innovations to maintain the wireless backhaul performance is combining the existing routing protocol technology and the deep learning concept. The concept of deep learning is gaining traction as a powerful way to add intelligence to wireless networks with complex topologies and radio environments. This is because conventional routing protocols do not learn from their previous experiences with various network anomalies. This paper proposed a predictive model of zone radius value using the deep recurrent neural network variant, namely the long short-term memory recurrent neural network (LSTM-RNN) algorithm. Determination of zone radius value conducted by measuring the whole of nodes routing zone using various network performance as input parameters such as Routing Overhead, Energy Consumption, Throughput, and User Usage. Performance measurements such as mean square error (MSE), error distribution histogram, training state, regression, correlation, and time series response are gauged and compared for static and mobile node environments. Results showed that the proposed algorithm can accurately predict zone radius for both environments. However, the accuracy of the proposed algorithm is higher when implemented in a static node environment.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The performance of ZRP is influenced by a property called zone radius, which represents the number of hops from a source node to the zone's boundaries [13]. Determining the optimal value of zone radius is one of the main issues in reaching the efficient ZRP cost process [18].…”

Section: More Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining Optimal Zone Radius of Zone Routing Protocol Based on Deep Recurrent Neural Networks in the Next Generation Wireless Backhaul Networks

Sirait¹,

Jusoh²,

Dimyati³

et al. 2022

Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For a particular network scenario and proper configuration, ZRP performs at least as well (and often better than) its purely proactive and reactive constituent protocols. In situations where network behavior varies across different regions, ZRP's performance can be fine-tuned by individual adjustment of each node's routing zone [24].…”

Section: A Standard Zrpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuzzy-ZRP: An Adaptive MANET Radius Zone Routing Protocol

Harrag

2023

Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a group of active mobile nodes wirelessly connected in a self-configuring and self-healing network without a preexisting centralized infrastructure. Several studies have been conducted to improve the stability and lifetime of routes for communicating between source and destination nodes, integrating new techniques with existing protocols. This paper presents a fuzzy-based approach to improve the performance of the standard Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) by selecting the optimal value of the zone radius. Each node has a fuzzy inference system that is periodically fed with parameters, such as the remaining energy and mobility of the node, to calculate the optimal value of the zone routing radius, which makes the node autonomous and intelligent. The simulation results obtained using the NS-2 simulator showed that the proposed fuzzy radius approach outperformed the standard ZRP, OVBAZRP, and PSOZRP routing protocols in all measures considered: PDR, NRL, and E2ED.

show abstract

“…Wireless networks have seen continuous development in recent decades such as MANETs [1]- [3], Cellular mobile networks, intelligent systems [4], [5], and one of the important things that have been developed in recent years is the so-called internet of things (IoT) [6], [7]. The increase in tasks entrusted to humans and the pressure of work that causes a lack of precision and focus in accomplishing these tasks, one of the reasons that led to the emergence of the idea of the internet of things and became the best solution to many problems in human life [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New ideas and framework for combating COVID-19 pandemic using IoT technologies

Haglan

Mahmoud

Al-Jumaili

et al. 2021

IJEECS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The internet of things (IoT) is one of the most advanced technologies that have emerged in the last decade. In recent years, IoT has been used in many medical fields. With the emergence of the Coronavirus pandemic, some IoT technologies were employed to serve the health sector to make quick and accurate decisions to save people's lives. However, there are still many ideas and works not yet implemented that could be applied in many aspects to preserve people's lives. Therefore, it is necessary to collect works and ideas that depend on IoT to produce modern systems quickly to serve the health sector. In this paper, a review of the most recent technologies of IoT against Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been done. A comparative and analysis among the previous works have been done to reach the most efficient depending on comparing the services that each work has provided. Besides that, suggest several new ideas that can be adopted as systems use IoT technologies and the expected advantages that can be gain from applying these ideas. A framework for a proposed idea to build a comprehensive monitoring system based on IoT technologies on the patient and hospital sides and expected advantages of implementing the system has been done.

show abstract

Determining an optimum zone radius for zone routing protocol (ZRP) based on node mobility

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Determining Optimal Zone Radius of Zone Routing Protocol Based on Deep Recurrent Neural Networks in the Next Generation Wireless Backhaul Networks

Determining Optimal Zone Radius of Zone Routing Protocol Based on Deep Recurrent Neural Networks in the Next Generation Wireless Backhaul Networks

Fuzzy-ZRP: An Adaptive MANET Radius Zone Routing Protocol

New ideas and framework for combating COVID-19 pandemic using IoT technologies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About