Assessing distillate fuel storage stability by oxygen overpressure

Hardy, Dennis R.; Hazlett, Robert N.; Beal, Erna J.; Burnett, Jack C.

doi:10.1021/ef00013a004

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Usually, over a range of fuels, an inverse relationship exists between thermal stability and oxidative stabilitya fuel's tendency to oxidize. In other words, a fuel that oxidizes slowly is likely to form more deposits than a fuel that oxidizes rapidly. , An exception would be a highly refined hydrotreated fuel, which is required to have an antioxidant added at the refinery to prevent oxidation. This fuel would demonstrate low oxidation and low deposition until the antioxidant was consumed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of Jet Fuel Thermal Stability, Oxidation, and Additives Using an Isothermal Oxidation Apparatus Equipped with an Oxygen Sensor

and

Zabarnick

1999

Energy Fuels

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An isothermal oxidation apparatus (IOA) has been modified to include an oxygen sensor so that both oxidation and deposition data can be measured for jet fuels that are thermally stressed. This modification is useful for comparing the relative oxidation rates of jet fuels and fuels blended with additives. Antioxidants can be evaluated in this apparatus by comparing the delay in the onset of oxidation at a given temperature in a fast oxidizing fuel. Other additive types, such as dispersants, can be evaluated by their ability to reduce deposition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of Jet Fuel Thermal Stability, Oxidation, and Additives Using an Isothermal Oxidation Apparatus Equipped with an Oxygen Sensor

and

Zabarnick

1999

Energy Fuels

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“…The current study is a continuation of an earlier systematic investigation, the results of which indicated that precursors that lead to thermal deposits are either formed or their formation is accelerated when the fuel is stored in the presence of copper. In the earlier study, for convenience, fuel storage was accelerated in the low-pressure reactor (LPR) used by Hardy et al . and the source of copper was a fuel-soluble copper compound, viz., copper(II) ethyl acetoacetate (CuEA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Effects of Storage in the Presence of Copper Using Laboratory vs Field Conditions on Jet Fuel Thermal Stability As Measured by the Gravimetric JFTOT

Pande¹,

Hardy

1997

Energy Fuels

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The effects of storage in the presence of copper using laboratory test conditions vs field conditions on fuel thermal stability were compared using five JP-5 fuels. Laboratory test conditions refer to accelerated storage at 90 °C/50 psig of air/24 h in the presence of soluble copper from copper(II) ethyl acetoacetate (CuEA). In contrast, field conditions refer to long-term storage at room temperature (∼20 °C) in the presence of dissolved copper from 90/10 copper-nickel (Cu-Ni) alloy for a period of approximately 6 months. Thermal stabilities were determined using the gravimetric JFTOT, which gives a quantitative measure of the total deposits formed. A copper concentration/storage effect was observed, which necessitated evaluations at similar copper concentrations. However, the source of copper appears not to be important. Instead, the main operative factor affecting the thermal stability of stored fuels appears to be the combination of long-term ambient storage and the presence of copper. Good agreement was obtained between the thermal stabilities of fuels that were stored using the specified laboratory and field conditions. These results are significant because (1) they validate the use of the specified laboratory test conditions as being realistic; (2) they support our premise that precursors that lead to thermal deposits are formed on storage in the presence of copper; and (3) they offer a rigorous method for predicting the potential thermal stabilities of jet fuels.

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“…They were tested for storage stability by ASTM method D5304-94 in JP-8 . The JP-8 fuel containing the sugar-derived compounds was subjected to a 16 h, 90 °C time−temperature regimen at 100 psig overpressure of oxygen . All of the compounds were tested for fuel sedimentation and for peroxidation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jet Fuel System Icing Inhibitors: Synthesis and Characterization

Mushrush

Beal

Hardy

et al. 1999

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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There have been no new literature papers dealing with jet fuel deicing additive replacements for the past 20 years. The current fuel system icing inhibitor additives, used by both the military and commercial aviation, are ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and diethylene glycol monomethyl ether. These deicing compounds are toxic at the concentrations that are required for effective deicing. This observation points to an immediate need for nontoxic, inexpensive, and biodegradable deicing compounds. The synthesis of polar sugar derivatives represents a viable alternative to glycol-based additives. The alternative deicing compounds reported in this paper are inexpensive and fuel stable and exhibit icing inhibitor characteristics similar to those of the presently used commercial materials.

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Assessing distillate fuel storage stability by oxygen overpressure

Cited by 24 publications

References 2 publications

Studies of Jet Fuel Thermal Stability, Oxidation, and Additives Using an Isothermal Oxidation Apparatus Equipped with an Oxygen Sensor

Studies of Jet Fuel Thermal Stability, Oxidation, and Additives Using an Isothermal Oxidation Apparatus Equipped with an Oxygen Sensor

Comparison of the Effects of Storage in the Presence of Copper Using Laboratory vs Field Conditions on Jet Fuel Thermal Stability As Measured by the Gravimetric JFTOT

Jet Fuel System Icing Inhibitors: Synthesis and Characterization

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