Jet Fuel System Icing Inhibitors:  Synthesis and Characterization

Abstract

There have been no new literature papers dealing with jet fuel deicing additive replacements for the past 20 years. The current fuel system icing inhibitor additives, used by both the military and commercial aviation, are ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and diethylene glycol monomethyl ether. These deicing compounds are toxic at the concentrations that are required for effective deicing. This observation points to an immediate need for nontoxic, inexpensive, and biodegradable deicing compounds. The synthesis of polar sugar derivatives represents a viable alternative to glycol-based additives. The alternative deicing compounds reported in this paper are inexpensive and fuel stable and exhibit icing inhibitor characteristics similar to those of the presently used commercial materials.

Synthesis, characterization and electrochemical behavior of ferrocene-containing highly branched polyurethane and its application in biosensing

“…The CV peak current values i p of HGPU-Fc are proportional to the square root of the scan rate (v 1/2 ) over a wide scan rate range. These relationships indicate that the charge transport obeys Flick's law [38] at room temperature. The electrode processes in solution are diffusion controlled.…”

Liquid–liquid equilibria for ternary mixtures of 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol with n-heptane, toluene, ethanol and water

“…In particular, alkyl-derivatives of 1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol have appeared to be effective and nontoxic icing inhibitors [2,3]; they are considered as perspective additives to gasoline and biofuels increasing their phase stability (the range of homogeneity in water containing systems). A review of the phase equilibria studies for liquid mixtures containing 1,3-dioxolane or its derivatives was given in our preceding paper [1].…”

Liquid–liquid equilibria for multicomponent mixtures of 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane with n-heptane, toluene, ethanol and water

“…Some cyclic acetals and ketals are considered as perspective additives to gasoline, biofuels and diesel fuels capable of improving the octane number, phase stability and (or) ecological characteristics [1,2]. Alkyl-derivatives of 1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol have appeared to be effective, inexpensive and nontoxic icing inhibitors [3,4]. Practical tasks and the research interest to specific features of the behavior of solutions containing cyclic polyethers stimulate the studies of thermodynamic properties of such systems, and a special attention is paid to their phase behavior.…”