Application of Ag/AgCl Sensor for Chloride Monitoring of Mortar under Dry-Wet Cycles

Tian, Yupeng; Zhang, Peng; Zhao, Kaiyue; Du, Zhenxing; Zhao, Tong

doi:10.3390/s20051394

Cited by 47 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Therefore, sodium and chloride ion sensing is important in many fields such as clinical diagnosis, [89][90][91][92] environmental monitoring [93][94][95] and various industrial applications. [96,97] Figure 5a shows the transfer curves of the self-powered OECT measured at various concentrations of NaCl at 100 mW cm −2 incident light intensity. In general, when the concentration of NaCl solution increases, more Na + ions penetrate into the channel to de-dope the channel layer, resulting in a decrease of the overall current of self-powered OECT at a specific applied gate voltage.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐Powered Organic Electrochemical Transistors with Stable, Light‐Intensity Independent Operation Enabled by Carbon‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells

Surendran

Chen

Lew

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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of physiological signals. Energy harvesting from ambient energy sources that prevent the need to charge or recharge a battery offers an excellent path for self-power functionality. Many groups have demonstrated self-powered biomedical devices using environmental sources such as ambient light with solar cells, [1][2][3][4][5] body heat with thermoelectric devices, [6][7][8][9][10][11] and motion with triboelectric [12][13][14][15][16][17] or piezoelectric devices. [18][19][20][21][22] In particular, tapping into solar energy through photovoltaics (PV) has demonstrated many advantages such as easy deployability, [23][24][25][26] and sufficient energy density [27] to meet the energy demands of wearable electronics for long-term usage. Various solar cell technologies have been implemented on autonomous devices such as arm bands, [23] electrocardiogram (ECG) devices, [24,25] and wearable global positioning system (GPS) tracking devices. [26] However, there are several challenges in today's solar cells that hamper their use as viable energy sources for wearable applications. Unlike the conventional operation of solar cells under actual one sun irradiation conditions, wearable usages typically require indoor operation which has much weaker light intensity (≈0.44 mW cm −2 ). [28] However, the efficiencies of most solar cell technologies are limited at low light illumination and thus reducing the energy autonomy for indoor applications. It is therefore challenging to drive sensing systems that are complicated or have high power consumption in an indoor light (for example, fluorescent lamp) environment. Under the typical outdoor illuminating condition, there is a higher density of photogenerated charge carriers, and hence most of the electronic disorders, defects, or trap sites that are present in the solar cell can be filled easily. However, the density of photogenerated carriers is significantly reduced under indoor ambient lighting condition and thus the density of defects or trap sites cannot be filled efficiently, leading to shunting effects and substantial power loss of the PV devices.Specifically, the open-circuit voltage (V oc ) drops severely under low light illumination (< 1-10 mW cm −2 ), which limits the driving capability and reliability for the power source. [29][30][31] Furthermore, for indoor light-harvesting, it is essential to note that the spectral content provided by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) or Wearable sensors and electronics for health and environment monitoring are mostly powered by batteries or external power supply, which requires frequent charging or bulky connecting wires. Self-powered wearable electronic devices realized by integrating with solar cells are becoming increasingly popular due to their ability to supply continuous and long-term energy to power wearable devices. However, most of the solar cells are vulnerable to significant power losses with decreasing light intensity in indoor environment, leading to an errant device operation. Therefore, stable autonomous energy in a reliable a...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐Powered Organic Electrochemical Transistors with Stable, Light‐Intensity Independent Operation Enabled by Carbon‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells

Surendran

Chen

Lew

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…Despite the mentioned disadvantages, numerous efforts to embed Ag/AgCl electrodes into cement-based materials have been progressively reported by several researchers. [275][276][277][278] Angst et al, in 2010, reported that Ag/AgCl electrodes could be successfully used to measure the chloride ion activity in highly alkaline environments (pH close to 14), and the detection limit for Cl À in the presence of interfering [OH À ] was below 10 À2 M even at a pH close to 14. 269 It was also found that in the complete absence of Cl À the potential was influenced by the pH; yet the sensors were able to recover when in contact with Cl À .…”

Section: Materials Advances Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical fiber sensors based on sol–gel materials: design, fabrication and application in concrete structures

et al. 2021

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“…S1: Comparison of Ag/AgCl-based Cl − sensors with previously reported sensors, Table S2: A comparison of Cl − sensors between Ag/AgCl and ISM-based SC-ISEs of Cl -. References [30,38,45,46,[58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67] have been cited in Supplementary Materials.…”

Section: Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-Contact Potentiometric Anion Sensing Based on Classic Silver/Silver Insoluble Salts Electrodes without Ion-Selective Membrane

et al. 2021

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Current solid potentiometric ion sensors mostly rely on polymeric-membrane-based, solid-contact, ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs). However, anion sensing has been a challenge with respect to cations due to the rareness of anion ionophores. Classic metal/metal insoluble salt electrodes (such as Ag/AgCl) without an ion-selective membrane (ISM) offer an alternative. In this work, we first compared the two types of SC-ISEs of Cl− with/without the ISM. It is found that the ISM-free Ag/AgCl electrode discloses a comparable selectivity regarding organic chloride ionophores. Additionally, the electrode exhibits better comprehensive performances (stability, reproducibility, and anti-interference ability) than the ISM-based SC-ISE. In addition to Cl−, other Ag/AgX electrodes also work toward single and multi-valent anions sensing. Finally, a flexible Cl− sensor was fabricated for on-body monitoring the concentration of sweat Cl− to illustrate a proof-of-concept application in wearable anion sensors. This work re-emphasizes the ISM-free SC-ISEs for solid anion sensing.

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Application of Ag/AgCl Sensor for Chloride Monitoring of Mortar under Dry-Wet Cycles

Cited by 47 publications

References 38 publications

Self‐Powered Organic Electrochemical Transistors with Stable, Light‐Intensity Independent Operation Enabled by Carbon‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells

Self‐Powered Organic Electrochemical Transistors with Stable, Light‐Intensity Independent Operation Enabled by Carbon‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells

Optical fiber sensors based on sol–gel materials: design, fabrication and application in concrete structures

Solid-Contact Potentiometric Anion Sensing Based on Classic Silver/Silver Insoluble Salts Electrodes without Ion-Selective Membrane

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