Optical fiber sensors based on sol–gel materials: design, fabrication and application in concrete structures

Figueira, Rita B.; Almeida, José; Ferreira, Bárbara; Coelho, L.; Silva, Carlos J. R.

doi:10.1039/d1ma00456e

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 354 publications

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“…There are many polar substituents that contribute to the formation of dipole interactions with the corresponding substrates. Such matrices include: among the organic ones most popular are oligo-polysaccharides [ 46 , 47 ], cellulose [ 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ], polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) [ 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ], polyvinyl chloride (PVC) [ 11 , 56 ]; among inorganic ones most popular are silica and other polymeric oxides obtained by sol-gel synthesis [ 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ]. On the other hand, the luminophore must have the following groups (one or several): H-, hydroxo-, amino-, nitro-, sulpho-, mercapto- and groups comprising from atoms with an unsplit electron pair and capable of forming a donor-acceptor bond; phenyl and other cyclically conjugated molecules to form π-π stacking.…”

Section: Methods For Immobilization Of Luminophores In a Polymeric Ma...mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Use of Polymer-Based Composites for the Creation of Optical Sensors: A Review

2022

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Polymers are widely used in many areas, but often their individual properties are not sufficient for use in certain applications. One of the solutions is the creation of polymer-based composites and nanocomposites. In such materials, in order to improve their properties, nanoscale particles (at least in one dimension) are dispersed in the polymer matrix. These properties include increased mechanical strength and durability, the ability to create a developed inner surface, adjustable thermal and electrical conductivity, and many others. The materials created can have a wide range of applications, such as biomimetic materials and technologies, smart materials, renewable energy sources, packaging, etc. This article reviews the usage of composites as a matrix for the optical sensors and biosensors. It highlights several methods that have been used to enhance performance and properties by optimizing the filler. It shows the main methods of combining indicator dyes with the material of the sensor matrix. Furthermore, the role of co-fillers or a hybrid filler in a polymer composite system is discussed, revealing the great potential and prospect of such matrixes in the field of fine properties tuning for advanced applications.

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Section: Methods For Immobilization Of Luminophores In a Polymeric Ma...mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Use of Polymer-Based Composites for the Creation of Optical Sensors: A Review

2022

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“…Generically, a device based on an OFS has a source, a modulator, a detector, and an electronic processing unit that makes the conversion of an optical signal in an electric one [7]. Figure 2 shows a schematic layout of an OFS.…”

Section: Fundamentalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concrete degradation is a complex process that results from physical and chemical reactions between concrete components and their surrounding environment. The corrosion of steel in reinforced concrete structures (RCS) has been widely studied and reported by several authors [1][2][3][4][5][6][7], since its premature degradation often results in expensive costs of repair, maintenance, and rehabilitation. To mitigate corrosion in RCS and improve their service life, different approaches-destructive and non-destructive methods-have been developed with the aim of monitoring both existing and new structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sol-Gel Coating Membranes for Optical Fiber Sensors for Concrete Structures Monitoring

et al. 2021

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The use of advanced sensing devices for concrete and reinforced concrete structures (RCS) is considered a rational approach for the assessment of repair options and scheduling of inspection and maintenance strategies. The immediate benefits are cost reduction and a reliable prevention of unpredictable events. The use of optical fiber sensors (OFS) for such purposes has increased considerably in the last few years due to their intrinsic advantages. In most of the OFS, the chemical transducer consists of immobilized chemical reagents placed in the sensing region of the optical sensor by direct deposition or by encapsulation in a polymeric matrix. The choice of the support matrix impacts directly on the performance of the OFS. In the last two decades, the development of OFS functionalized with organic–inorganic hybrid (OIH) sol–gel membranes have been reported. Sol–gel route is considered a simple method that offers several advantages when compared to traditional synthesis processes, allowing to obtain versatile materials with unique chemical and physical properties, and is particularly valuable in the design of OIH materials. This review will provide an update of the current state-of-the-art of the OFS based on OIH sol-gel materials for concrete and RCS since 2016 until mid-2021. The main achievements in the synthesis of OIH membranes for deposition on OFS will be discussed. The challenges and future directions in this field will also be considered, as well as the main limitations of OFS for RCS monitoring.

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“…Recently, the number of nondestructive approaches accessible for structural health monitoring (SHM) of EB-FRP strengthening systems has increased. Infrared thermography, ultrasonic wave velocity inspection, and X-ray inspection are some of the available SHM techniques [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber Reinforced Polymer Debonding Failure Identification Using Smart Materials in Strengthened T-Shaped Reinforced Concrete Beams

et al. 2023

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The favorable contribution of externally bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (EB-FRP) sheets to the shear strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) beams is widely acknowledged. Nonetheless, the premature debonding of EB-FRP materials remains a limitation for widespread on-site application. Once debonding appears, it is highly likely that brittle failure will occur in the strengthened RC structural member; therefore, it is essential to be alerted of the debonding incident immediately and to intervene. This may not be always possible, particularly if the EB-FRP strengthened RC member is located in an inaccessible area for fast inspection, such as bridge piers. The ability to identify debonding immediately via remote control would contribute to the safer application of the technique by eliminating the negative outcomes of debonding. The current investigation involves the detection of EB-FRP sheet debonding using a remotely controlled electromechanical admittance (EMA)-based structural health monitoring (SHM) system that utilizes piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) sensors. An experimental investigation on RC T-beams strengthened for shear with EB-FRP sheets has been performed. The PZT sensors are installed at various locations on the surface of the EB-FRP sheets to evaluate the SHM system’s ability to detect debonding. Additionally, strain gauges were attached on the surface of the EB-FRP sheets near the PZT sensors to monitor the deformation of the FRP and draw useful conclusions through comparison of the results to the wave-based data provided by the PZT sensors. The experimental results indicate that although EB-FRP sheets increase the shear resistance of the RC T-beams, premature failure occurs due to sheet debonding. The applied SHM system can sufficiently identify the debonding in real-time and appears to be feasible for on-site applications.

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Optical fiber sensors based on sol–gel materials: design, fabrication and application in concrete structures

Abstract: This review provides an overview of the state-of-the-art of OFS based on sol–gel materials for diverse applications with particular emphasis on OFS for structural health monitoring of concrete structures.

Cited by 21 publications

References 354 publications

On the Use of Polymer-Based Composites for the Creation of Optical Sensors: A Review

On the Use of Polymer-Based Composites for the Creation of Optical Sensors: A Review

Sol-Gel Coating Membranes for Optical Fiber Sensors for Concrete Structures Monitoring

Fiber Reinforced Polymer Debonding Failure Identification Using Smart Materials in Strengthened T-Shaped Reinforced Concrete Beams

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