Análise Das Funções Do Sistema Estomatognático Em Idosos Usuários De Prótese Dentária

Abstract

RESUMOObjetivo: Avaliar as funções do sistema estomatognático em idosos usuários de prótese dentária. Material e Métodos: Realizou-se avaliação fonoaudiológica constituída por uma anamnese e uma avaliação clínica composta por duas etapas. Na primeira etapa, foram observadas as características corporais e faciais gerais. Na segunda etapa, realizouse avaliação das estruturas orofaciais e das funções orais por meio da observação e apalpação. Foram incluídos indivíduos com mais de 60 anos, usuários de prótese dentária parcial superior e/ou inferior e total superior e/ou inferior. Resultados: Avaliou-se 44 idosos que foram divididos em três Grupos, de acordo com o tipo de prótese: Grupo 1 idosos sem falhas dentárias com 18 idosos; Grupo 2 composto por usuários de prótese total superior e inferior, com 14 idosos; Grupo 3 constituído por usuários de prótese parcial removível superior e inferior com 12 idosos. Destes 84,9% do sexo feminino. Com relação à função de deglutição observou-se presença de alteração em 55,5% dos idosos no Grupo 1, 85,7% no Grupo 2 e 91,6% no Grupo 3, desta forma os usuários de prótese dentária apresentaram valores maiores em comparação ao Grupo controle. Na função mastigatória, encontrouse alterações em 57,1% indivíduos do Grupo 2, e em 66,6% do Grupo 1 e 3. Conclusão: Desta forma, conclui-se que a utilização da prótese dentária ocasiona alterações nas funções do sistema estomatognático, mastigação e deglutição. Além disso, o tipo de prótese dentária utilizada pelo indivíduo ocasiona diferentes alterações com relação às estruturas. DESCRITORESFonoaudiologia. Prótese Dentária. Mastigação. Deglutição ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the stomatognathic system functions in aged denture wearers. Material and Methods: A phonoaudiological assessment was carried out consisting of anamnesis and a two-step clinical examination. Firstly, general facial and body features were observed. Secondly, orofacial structures and oral functions were checked through observation and palpation. The sample was composed of individuals aged more than 60 years, wearing upper or lower partial/ complete dentures. Results: A total of 44 elderlies were examined, who were divided into three groups according to the type of denture: group 1 including elderlies with no dental issues (n=18); group 2 consisting of elderlies wearing upper and lower complete dentures (n=14); and group 3 including elderlies with upper and lower partial dentures (n=12). Of these, 84.9% were female. Modifications of the swallowing function were observed in 55.5% of the subjects in group 1, 85.7% in group 2, and 91.6% in group 3, hence showing that denture wearers had higher prevalence of alterations in this function as compared to those in the control group. As to the chewing function, we found changes in 57.1% of subjects in group 2, and 66.6% in groups 1 and 3. Conclusion: The use of dentures leads to modifications in the functions of the stomatognathic system concerning chewing and swallowing. Furthermore, the type of denture used by the individual may...

Masticatory function in elderly compared to young adults

“…This datum corroborates the literature findings, confirming that after prosthetic rehabilitation there is greater masticatory performance (14)(15)(16)25) . However, the study by Ayres et al (26) found that prosthetic rehabilitation causes changes in the stomatognathic system, with an impact on mastication, because the individuals who undergo this process have reduced facial muscle tonus, when compared to individuals who do not use dental prosthesis. Only 12% of the GI did not use any type of dental prosthesis.…”

Autopercepção das condições alimentares de idosos usuários de prótese dentária

“…These deteriorations interfere in chewing properly and in the swallowing and speaking functions, which will restrict and interfere with social and family activities. The dental prosthesis aims to reestablish these aspects changed due to the edentulism and to provide better quality of life regarding feeding and, consequently, improving the elderly general health condition (18) .…”

A associação entre anemia e alguns aspectos da funcionalidade em idosos

“…Oral health is often cited as an indicator of quality of life, since changes such as dental loss and difficulty chewing influence the life of individuals and may affect feeding 16,17 . Ayres et al 10 mention that the use of removable dental prosthesis leads to instability in chewing, causing insecurity in the user, who will consequently abstain from eating certain foods.…”

“…In addition, as the individual ages, their chewing habits change. It is known that dental problems, when associated with speech problems, as well as with aging, may be harmful to health 10 . Therefore, these factors can disrupt the individual's routine, because even if the older adult's functional capability is in its normal state, chewing and swallowing affect his/her manner of eating and diet, which may be associated with anemia in these individuals.…”