Purpose To characterize the masticatory function of the elderly and to compare total amount of time, masticatory strokes and total mastication score among the elderly and young adults. Methods It is an observational, cross-sectional and analytical study. A total of 50 individuals participated, 25 elderly (mean age 66 years) and 25 young adults (mean age 22 years). The evaluation of mastication was performed by standardized filming of the usual mastication of a wheat flour biscuit. The masticatory type (alternated bilateral, simultaneous bilateral, preferential unilateral, chronic and anterior), masticatory score, total masticatory time and the total number of masticatory strokes were verified and compared between the elderly and young adults. Results The predominant masticatory pattern in the young adults was the alternated bilateral mastication (52%), while, in the elderly, the simultaneous bilateral mastication predominated (48%). The use of dental prostheses had a significant influence on the total mastication score; elderly presented greater masticatory time and greater amount of masticatory strokes; however, the total masticatory score was lower for this group. Conclusion The use of dental prosthesis has a significant influence on masticatory function. When compared to young adults, the elderly had a greater amount of time and masticatory strokes and a lower total mastication score.
BackgroundWith the ageing process changes in the musculature of oro‐facial structures take place, consequently there is a reduction in the strength and mobility of the lips, tongue and cheeks.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to correlate oro‐facial structures and chewing and swallowing functions among a group of senior citizens and young adults and check the influence of lip and tongue pressure of these functions.MethodsThis is an observational, cross‐sectional and analytical study. Thirty seniors with an average age of 67.13 years and 30 young adults with an average age of 22.03 years participated in the study. The Oro‐facial Myofunctional Assessment Protocol with Scores for the Elderly and the Oro‐facial Myofunctional Assessment Protocol with Expanded Scores were also used. The evaluation of the force of pressure of the lips and tip and dorsum of the tongue was carried out using the Biofeedback device Pró‐Fono: Lip and Tongue Pressure.ResultsYoung adults had a higher evaluation score for the aspect/posture of the face, cheeks, lips, mentalis muscle, tongue, mobility of lips, tongue, jaw and cheeks, chewing and swallowing functions, total time and chewing strokes, and tip pressure and dorsum of tongue. According to the Structural Equation Modelling, a direct relationship was found between the tongue dorsum pressure force and the swallowing function.ConclusionWith healthy ageing changes occurring in the appearance, posture and mobility of the lips, tongue, jaw and cheeks, with the seniors and reduced performance of chewing and swallowing functions.
Objetivo. Verificar se os aspectos alimentares e as funções orofaciais são influenciados pelo risco para depressão, dependência para realizar atividades de vida diária e estado mental em idosos. Método. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal e analítico. Participaram do estudo 30 idosos com média de idade de 67,13 anos. Foi aplicado um questionário quanto as dificuldades durante a alimentação e foi realizada avaliação das funções de mastigação e deglutição por meio da aplicação do instrumento padronizado Protocolo de Avaliação Miofuncional Orofacial com Escores para Idosos. O dispositivo Biofeedback Pró-Fono: Pressão de Lábios e de Língua foi utilizado para avaliação da força de pressão de lábios e ponta e dorso de língua. Foram aplicadas a Escala de Atividades Instrumentais de Vida Diária, Escala de Depressão Geriátrica e o Mine-Exame do Estado Mental. Resultados. Foi encontrada relação significativa entre o risco para depressão geriátrica e autopercepção de aumento de tempo para mastigar, de dificuldade para deglutir e de alteração de apetite; e entre Atividades Instrumentais de Vida Diária e autopercepção de alteração de apetite. Não foi encontrada relação entre a força de lábios e língua e as escalas aplicadas. Conclusão. Idosos com risco para depressão geriátrica apresentaram autopercepção de aumento de tempo mastigatório, dificuldade durante deglutição e alteração de apetite. O declínio cognitivo decorrente do envelhecimento saudável, o risco para depressão geriátrica e maior dependência para realizar atividades de vida diária não foram associados a redução do desempenho das funções de mastigação e deglutição e força de pressão de lábios e língua.
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