An increase in damaged hepatocytes in rats after high intensity exercise

Kinoshita, S.; Yano, Hiromi; Tsuji, Etsuko

doi:10.1046/j.1365-201x.2003.01135.x

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…In this study, no significant changes in liver (GPT) and renal (Cr) function were found after five weeks of periodized exercise. The results are similar to Kinoshita (2003) who used male Wistar rats and subjected them to forced exercise by treadmill running at 60 and 80 % of maximum oxygen uptake (V O 2max ) for 120 min. In that study, the liver cells showed no significant increase in the serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and GPT activity immediately and 6 h after both types of exercise [18].…”

supporting

confidence: 81%

Modulation of Dendritic Cells by Endurance Training

et al. 2007

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A periodized endurance training is able to adapt physical and psychological needs and increase exercise performance. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in regulation of the immune response. In the present study, we trained Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats for five weeks using a progressive endurance protocol with the aim of measuring the effect on myeloid DC differentiation and maturation. Rats were divided into a non-exercise group (NEG) and an exercise group (EG). Bone marrow cells were isolated from these rats after training and cultured in the presence of granulocyte/monocyte-colony stimulatory factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-4, and the resultant immature DCs were triggered with lipopolysaccharide to mature. DCs were collected and the main characteristics of DCs were assessed. The recovery rate and the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules for DC collected from EG was markedly greater than NEG. The function of DCs from EG to trigger a mixed leukocyte reaction and IL-12 production was higher than NEG. There was no liver and renal toxicity observed in all rats. Changes in food/water consumption and body weight increase between the groups were normal for the conditions. This study demonstrated that periodized endurance training is able to modulate DC development and shift them towards a more mature state.

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confidence: 81%

Modulation of Dendritic Cells by Endurance Training

et al. 2007

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“…31 Ischemic heart disease and hypoxemic skeletal muscle activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and intense exercise causes more cardiac AMPK 32 Another study showed that rats subjected to intense exercise suffered from more severe injury of hepatic cells. 33 More recently, Kim et al 34 reported that cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of rats depends on the magnitude and duration of treadmill exercise, and that mild exercise was better than intense exercise. Our study is first to investigate the effect of exercise intensity on recovery from induced cerebral ischemia.…”

Section: D a Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mild to Moderate Early Exercise Promotes Recovery from Cerebral Ischemia in Rats

Lee

Kim

Park

et al. 2009

Can. j. neurol. sci.

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Neurological recovery begins soon after the onset of cerebral ischemia or hemorrhage. Despite this, about 73% of stroke patients suffer from severe neurological disorders.1 Thus, it is essential to use proactive rehabilitation to minimize the longterm disabilities of stroke patients. It is well established that rehabilitation should be conducted as early as possible after the onset of stroke, but a standardized program has not yet been established. 2Rehabilitation from stroke has focused mainly on functional recovery through exercise. Several animal models of cerebral ischemia have shown the benefits of exercise. [3][4][5] In addition, ABSTRACT: Objective: We examined the effects of various exercise intensities on recovery from middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. Methods: First, we administered a 120-minute left MCAO to male Sprague-Dawley rats and randomly assigned them to one of four groups: no exercise (Group 1), mild exercise (Group 2), moderate exercise (Group 3), and severe exercise (Group 4). Then, we trained the rats for 30 min per day for one week or two weeks. We used a five-point neurological evaluation scale to measure neurological deficits 1-day, 4-days, 7-days, 10-days and 14-days after MCAO and measured infarct volume by use of 2% 2,3,4-triphenyltetrazolium chloride in exercised brains. We also performed immunohistochemistry analysis of the brain to observe reactive astrocytosis at the peri-infarct region. Results: Neurological examination indicated that Group 2 and 3 recovered better than Group 1 after one week and two weeks (p<0.05). Moreover, Group 2 and 3 had reduced brain infarct volume compared with Group 1 after one week (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between Group 4 and Group 1. The thickness of the peri-infarct astrocytosis was significantly reduced in Group 4 relative to Group 1 after one week. There was a significant negative correlation between the extent of reactive astrocytosis and neurological recovery (r= -0.648, p<0.01). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that mild to moderate exercise that begins soon after induced cerebral ischemia promotes recovery and that astrocytes may have an important role in the recovery process.RÉSUMÉ: L'exercice de léger à modéré favorise la récupération de l'ischémie cérébrale chez le rat. Objectif : Nous avons étudié les effets de différentes intensités d'exercice sur la récupération après une occlusion de l'artère cérébrale moyenne (OACM) chez des rats. Méthodes : Nous avons d'abord procédé à une OACM gauche de 120 minutes chez des rats Sprague-Dawley mâles et nous les avons répartis au hasard entre quatre groupes : aucun exercice (groupe 1); exercice léger (groupe 2); exercice modéré (groupe 3) et exercice intensif (groupe 4). Nous leur avons ensuite fait subir un entraînement de 30 minutes par jour pendant 1 ou 2 semaines. Nous avons utilisé une échelle d'évaluation neurologique en cinq points pour mesurer les déficits neurologiques 1, 4, 7, 10 et 14 jours après l'OACM et nous avons mesuré le volume de l'infarctus au ...

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“…In this study, the AST/ALT ratio was > 1.0 immediately following exercise and in the recovery phase (i.e., 1-and 2-h postexercise), indicating hepatocyte and liver parenchyma structural damage. ALT increased from baseline to immediately following exercise, indicating a mild hepatocyte damage possibly explained by a combination of factors such as exercise intensity, duration, and reperfusion to the liver following exercise [28]. However, even in the presence of a reduced hepatic blood flow induced by intense exercise, the liver is able to maintain its metabolic functions [39]; therefore, using the AST/ALT as a true marker of hepatic damage during exercise may be equivocal [49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…We hypothesized that under a low-CHO diet, hepatic glycogen stores and available energy would be reduced and therefore hepatocellular clearance of endotoxins impaired, as suggested by animal models where hepatocyte shrinkage and damage occurred following intense exercise [18,28,30,55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%