Modulation of Dendritic Cells by Endurance Training

Abstract

A periodized endurance training is able to adapt physical and psychological needs and increase exercise performance. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in regulation of the immune response. In the present study, we trained Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats for five weeks using a progressive endurance protocol with the aim of measuring the effect on myeloid DC differentiation and maturation. Rats were divided into a non-exercise group (NEG) and an exercise group (EG). Bone marrow cells were isolated from these rats after training and cultured in the presence of granulocyte/monocyte-colony stimulatory factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-4, and the resultant immature DCs were triggered with lipopolysaccharide to mature. DCs were collected and the main characteristics of DCs were assessed. The recovery rate and the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules for DC collected from EG was markedly greater than NEG. The function of DCs from EG to trigger a mixed leukocyte reaction and IL-12 production was higher than NEG. There was no liver and renal toxicity observed in all rats. Changes in food/water consumption and body weight increase between the groups were normal for the conditions. This study demonstrated that periodized endurance training is able to modulate DC development and shift them towards a more mature state.

Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells under influence of experimental breast cancer and physical activity

“…These results were consistent with those reported in previous studies (25,26), wherein PA was associated with an increase in the number of DCs, as well as increases in the expression of MHC class II, CD80 and CD86. However, Ru and Peijie (27) reported that over-training could induce immunosuppression by reducing the number of DCs and costimulatory molecule expression.…”

“…However, Ru and Peijie (27) reported that over-training could induce immunosuppression by reducing the number of DCs and costimulatory molecule expression. Chiang et al (25) demonstrated that the groups subjected to PA produced higher levels of IL-12 compared with sedentary groups, mainly when comparing groups under DMBA induction (GIII vs. GIV). In the present study, the groups that underwent a training protocol showed increased expression levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ, and reduced expression levels of suppressive cytokines in the supernatant of cultured BMDCs.…”

Immunomodulatory Effects of Aerobic Training in Obesity

“…Other animal studies support the beneficial effect of exercise on dendritic cells by demonstrating an enhanced activity of DCs against tumor and pathogen-eliminating cells [38–40]. There is also evidence that demonstrates an association between decreased DCs and the progression of coronary artery disease [41].…”

Exercise, Immunity, and Illness

“…These macrophages along with other phagocytes (dendritic cells) are present in majority of body tissues where unlike the direct killing capacity of neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells mostly act as professional APC (Beutler, 2004;Iwazaki and Medzhitov, 2004). Investigations within exercise stress models thus far have been limited to animal studies which are difficult to generalize to the human response, but do suggest dysfunction in the capacity of these cells to present antigens following prolonged exercise (Davis et al, 1997;Woods et al, 1997;Ceddia and Woods, 1999;Ceddia et al, 2000;Woods et al, 2000;Murphy et al, 2004;Liao et al, 2006;Chiang et al, 2007).…”