Exercise, Immunity, and Illness

Jones, Arwel W.; Davison, Glen

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814593-7.00015-3

Cited by 30 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 350 publications

(413 reference statements)

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“…Moderate physical activity and recreational sports training may improve immunological functions and reduce the risk of infections [1][2][3][4]. Nevertheless, strong evidence-based research confirms that athletes involved in intensive or prolonged physical training are more susceptible to infections, especially upper respiratory tract symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, strong evidence-based research confirms that athletes involved in intensive or prolonged physical training are more susceptible to infections, especially upper respiratory tract symptoms. A higher incidence of infections is often observed in endurance athletes (mainly triathletes, swimmers, cyclists) [1]. Moreover, problems with immune disturbances may compromise training and competition performance [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A higher incidence of infections is often observed in endurance athletes (mainly triathletes, swimmers, cyclists) [1]. Moreover, problems with immune disturbances may compromise training and competition performance [1][2][3][4]. Hence, it is important to elaborate different strategies to improve the immunological functions, like nutrition or supplementation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this way, it is responsible for maintaining homeostasis. In this respect, both the non-specific innate system and the specific adaptive immune system cooperate in order to determine a state of immunity against infection [1]. It has been observed that some components of the immune system are suppressed after exercise, which can last from a few hours to even a few days [2,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the large volume of intense effort that endurance athletes undergo (especially swimmers and triathletes), they are at a high risk of developing an immunological disorder, especially upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) such as the common cold [4]. A possible mechanism explaining increased susceptibility to infections is termed 'open window' [1]. Nevertheless, changes in isolated immune markers may not always be observed or used to predict the risk of illnesses [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunological Outcomes of Bovine Colostrum Supplementation in Trained and Physically Active People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020

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Bovine colostrum (BC) is a promising natural product applied to improve immunological functions. However, there is very little evidence on the true benefits of BC treatment on the immune function of trained and physically active people; moreover, there is no consensus on the supplementation strategy. For this reason, the aim of this meta-analysis was to quantify the effects of BC supplementation on immunological outcomes in physically active people. Data from 10 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of BC supplementation in athletes and physically active adults were analysed, involving 239 participants. The results show that BC supplementation has no or a fairly low impact on improving the concentration of serum immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG), lymphocytes and neutrophils, and saliva immunoglobulin (IgA) in athletes and physically active participants. Previous research has shown BC to reduce upper respiratory tract infections; nevertheless, there is a gap of scientific knowledge on the mechanisms underlying these effects. Future RCTs are needed to focus on finding these mechanisms, as well as on preparing a clear consensus on a BC supplementation strategy in trained athletes and the physically active population.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunological Outcomes of Bovine Colostrum Supplementation in Trained and Physically Active People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020

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Exercise and Immunity: Beliefs and Facts

et al. 2023

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COVID-19 nationwide lockdown and physical activity profiles among North-western Italian population using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)

et al. 2021

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Background The role of physical activity in enhancing health is well recognized. However, in the more industrialized countries, physical activity rates are declining, and the emerging COVID-19 pandemic may amplify this scenario. Thus, this study aimed to report the Italian population’s physical activity profile living in the North-western regions during the national lockdown. Methods Physical activity was assessed using the official Italian short form of IPAQ, intended for Social Networking Services (SNS). Participation was voluntary, and people could fill the questionnaire simply by clicking on a specific link. Results The final sample size was 612 Italians, male and female, equally distributed (49.1% male and 50.9% female). Data showed a percentage of 15.4% of inactive subjects (MET < 700), 61.8% of moderate-active (MET 700–2500), and 22.9% of active people (MET > 2500). Women were more inactive than men (p < 0.01; 57.4% vs 42.6%). Furthermore, participants were classified into four classes of age: 18–29; 30–44; 45–59; and 60–79. Class 18–29 was prevalent (p < 0.01, 68.3%) and showed higher levels of physical activity (p < 0.05). Conclusions Italians living in North-western regions maintained a moderate amount of physical activity during the quarantine. This behavior should be encouraged, particularly among women that usually appear to be less active than men.

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Exercise, Immunity, and Illness

Cited by 30 publications

References 350 publications

Immunological Outcomes of Bovine Colostrum Supplementation in Trained and Physically Active People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Immunological Outcomes of Bovine Colostrum Supplementation in Trained and Physically Active People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Exercise and Immunity: Beliefs and Facts

COVID-19 nationwide lockdown and physical activity profiles among North-western Italian population using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)

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