A preliminary study on the occurrence and behavior of carbamazepine (CBZ) in aquatic environment of Yangtze River Delta, China

Abstract

The occurrence and behavior of carbamazepine (CBZ) was investigated in aquatic environment of Yangtze River Delta, East China. The water samples were enriched by solid-phase extraction and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector. The validation of the analytical method included linearity (0.1-1 mg/L), recovery studies, and determination of limits of quantification. Limits of quantification of CBZ in various aquatic samples were in the range of 0.1-0.2 μg/L. CBZ was detected in the Tongji University Intramural River, the Huangpu River, and the Suzhou River with the highest concentration of 1,090 ng/L, but not detected in the Nanhengyin River and the Caojia River. In sewage water samples, CBZ was not detected in one of the sewage treatment plants (STPs) but was detected in the raw influents and effluents at the other three selected STPs in Shanghai, with the concentrations ranging from 230 to 1,110 ng/L. CBZ was not completely eliminated after secondary treatment (with the active sludge process).

Occurrence and fate of psychiatric pharmaceuticals in the urban water system of Shanghai, China

“…When these sites in Shanghai compared with other regions of the world (Table 1), it was found that the levels of psychiatric pharmaceuticals in Huangpu River in our study were higher than those in Germany (Ternes et al, 2001;Hass et al, 2012) and France (Togola and Budzinski, 2008), but lower than those in USA (Kolpin et al, 2002). The concentration level of target analytes in the present research was consistent with findings in the main Chinese river Yangtze River (Zhou et al, 2011). Investigation was also within the range of those results reported in Spain (Mendoza et al, 2014).…”

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the aquatic environment in China: A review

“…PPCPs have been detected in the aquatic environment in different parts of China [20][21][22][36][37][38][39][40]. There is, however, a lack of a systematic investigation that provide a good overview of the concentrations and risks of PPCPs in the natural aquatic environment of different parts of China so far.…”

Comparative study of the degradation of carbamazepine in water by advanced oxidation processes

“…Pharmaceuticals, as emerging pollutants in aquatic environments, have received much attention recently [1][2][3][4][5]. A large variety of pharmaceuticals, including β-blockers, sympathomimetics, antiphlogistics, lipid regulators, antibiotics and so on, have been frequently detected in aquatic environments at concentration levels up to micrograms per litre in Europe, North America and South Asia [2,6,7].…”