A ciência como profissão: médicos, bacharéis e cientistas no Brasil (1895-1935)

Abstract

O livro aborda o processo de especialização da atividade intelectual no Brasil durante as três primeiras décadas do século XIX, ao mesmo tempo em que analisa a emergência do ´cientista´ nesse processo, no qual já se anunciava o divórcio entre as ´humanidades´e as ´ciências duras´.

O discurso médico e a Educação Física nas escolas (Brasil, século XIX)

“…Para explicar esse distanciamento entre os textos europeus e as teses médicas brasileiras, além do plano secundário que os exercícios ocupavam no projeto higienista, temos que compreender que no país havia correntes médicas em confronto, pois enquanto um grupo identi cava-se com a medicina experimental, com o laboratório, outro era muito ligado à retórica, e a discursos pomposos 25 . Os médicos que escreveram sobre "educação physica", "hygiene" e "gymnastica" nas teses do século XIX eram identi cados com o segundo grupo.…”

Teorias sobre a propagação da febre amarela: um debate científico na imprensa paulista, 1895-1903

“…These controversies in the field of medicine are also explained by Sá (2006), where the systematic practice of experimental research, more specifically in bacteriology, led at the end of the nineteenth century to an aversion to rhetoric and pompous speeches. For the new generation of Brazilian physicians, followers of Pasteur's bacteriology, earlier medicine was excessively opinionated (Sá, 2006).…”

“…It is appropriate at this stage to recall that even where articles were written by the same physicians, because of the different readership, namely specialists in the case of scientific journals as opposed to laymen in the case of the newspapers, there was also a variation in vocabulary, because the incentive for publishing a scientific paper in a publication for laymen was the breadth and speed of circulation of new ideas and discoveries. Sá (2006) stresses that newspapers in the city of Rio de Janeiro during this period published scientific subjects intensively. The city press carried reports of new scientific discoveries, the travels of scientists and visits by foreign researchers, and even conducted interviews or reproduced speeches given before scientific institutions.…”

“…We therefore deal with how the physicians of São Paulo announced their discoveries in their intention to conquer the symbolic capital of scientific discovery. In the case of Rio de Janeiro, the debates involving yellow fever were examined in the studies by Benchimol (1999), Challhoub (1993 and Sá (2006 …”

“…For the new generation of Brazilian physicians, followers of Pasteur's bacteriology, earlier medicine was excessively opinionated (Sá, 2006).…”