Spatial analysis of Toxocara spp. eggs in soil as a potential for serious human infection

Raissi, Driss; Masoumi, M; Ibrahim, Asmaa; Etemadi, Soudabeh; Getso, Muhammad Ibrahim; Jalali, Pantea; Pouya, Navid Babaei; Zareie, Mohammad; Amraei, Fatemeh; Raiesi, Omid

doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2021.101619

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This result was slightly different from a previous report where contamination was detected in 12.0% of the soil samples collected from schools in Sakon Nakhon Province [6] in the northeastern region and in 18.3% of the soil samples in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province [7] in the southern region. Our results revealed higher contamination rates than those in Iran (13.0%) [18], Sri Lanka (12.0%) [19], Poland (1.6%) [20], and Brazil (0.5%-8.3%) [12,21], but lower than those reported in Iran (18.0%-47.5%) [9,22,23], Malaysia (24%) [2], Poland (20.7%) [17], Russia (23.3%) [24], Brazil (27.3%-38.4%) [25,26], Greece (17.1%) [27], Peninsula (26.6%) [28], Portugal (63.2%) [29], Serbia (22.0%-26.0%) [30], Turkey (19.4%) [31], and Germany (23.2%) [32]. Toxocara spp.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Environmental soil contamination with zoonotic soil-transmitted helminths in the temple grounds of Chachoengsao Province, Thailand

Dokmaikaw

Suntaravitun

2023

Int J One Health

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Background and Aim: Soil-transmitted helminth infections are a serious public health problem. The soil is an important reservoir for several helminth species. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of soil contamination with zoonotic soil-transmitted helminths. Materials and Methods: Soil samples were collected on the grounds of 19 temples in Ratchasan and Bang Khla districts, Chachoengsao Province, Thailand, between June 2021 and February 2022. A total of 190 soil samples were collected from ten different areas on the grounds of each temple, of which 31 (16.3%) were contaminated. The samples were analyzed by a centrifugal flotation technique using a saturated sodium nitrate solution. Results: Six genera of helminths were recovered from the soil samples, of which five genera were identified as helminth eggs and two genera were identified as helminth larvae. The prevalence of soil contamination with helminth eggs was as follows: Toxocara spp. 15.8% (30/190), hookworm/strongylid 12.1% (23/190), Trichuris spp. 6.8% (13/190), Taenia spp. 2.1% (4/190), Ascaris spp. 1.6% (3/190), and unidentified helminth eggs 5.8% (11/190). Moreover, nematode larvae consisted of 8.4% (16/190) hookworm/strongylid, 3.7% (7/190) of Strongyloides spp., and 4.2% (8/190) unidentified nematode larvae. The rates of soil-transmitted helminth contamination were not significantly different between Ratchasan and Bang Khla districts (p = 0.878). Conclusion: Soil-transmitted helminth contamination was found in the soil environment of the community temples with a high probability of spreading intestinal helminthiasis to the local residents. Therefore, public awareness campaigns should be conducted targeting people in the community to increase their knowledge and understanding about animal healthcare to prevent and control the spread of soil-transmitted helminthiasis. Keywords: soil contamination, soil-transmitted helminth, temple, Thailand, zoonotic helminth.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Environmental soil contamination with zoonotic soil-transmitted helminths in the temple grounds of Chachoengsao Province, Thailand

Dokmaikaw

Suntaravitun

2023

Int J One Health

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“…Human toxocariasis, first described in 1952 by Beaver et al, 1 is currently considered an important zoonosis and the main cause of visceral larva migrans (VLM) and other syndromes, such as ocular larva migrans (OLM), covert toxocariasis (CT), and neurological toxocariasis. [2][3][4][5] Signs and symptoms of the main clinical types of human toxocariasis are [6][7][8] Visceral Larva Migrans -fever, pallor, malaise, irritability, weight loss, cutaneous rash, hepatomegaly, respiratory and nervous disturbs, myocarditis, hypergammaglobulinemia, leukocytosis and eosinophilia, elevated anti-A and anti-B isohemagglutinins; Ocular Larva Migrans -visual loss, strabismus, retinal granuloma and detachment, endophthalmitis, chorioretinitis, uveitis; Covert Toxocariasis -coughing, abdominal pain, headache, sleep and behavioral disturbances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Toxocariasis: 2010 to 2020 Contributions from Brazilian Researchers

Chieffi¹,

Lescano²,

Fonseca³

et al. 2021

RRTM

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“…At a global level, both stray and domestic cats contribute to the dispersion and contamination of embryonated Toxocara eggs into the environment [17,18]. The presence of eggs in public places represents a risk for animal health and even for humans, given that approximately 21% of public spaces worldwide are contaminated with Toxocara eggs [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxocara cati Infection in Cats (Felis catus): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Bonilla-Aldana,

Espinosa-Nuñez,

Bonilla-Aldana

et al. 2024

Animals

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Introduction: Toxocariasis is an infection caused in canines, felines, humans, and other vertebrates by species of the genus Toxocara, such as T. canis and T. cati. The embryonated eggs of these parasites are the primary means of acquiring the infection for both definitive hosts, dogs and cats, respectively, and for intermediates, such as humans and other vertebrates. When deposited on park soils, environmental contamination becomes a risk to environmental, human, and animal health. Objective: To determine the global prevalence of Toxocara cati in cats (Felis catus). Methods: A systematic review of the literature was carried out in six databases (Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO and Google Scholar) to evaluate the global prevalence of Toxocara cati in cats, defined by coproparasitological, histological, and molecular techniques. A meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model to calculate pooled prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). A two-tailed 5% alpha level was used for hypothesis testing. Results: Two hundred and eighty-nine studies were included. The global pooled prevalence of Toxocara cati in cats using coproparasitological methods was 17.0% (95.0% CI: 16.2–17.8%). In the subgroup analysis according to country, Nepal had the highest prevalence of T. cati infection (94.4%; 95% CI 89.7–99.2%). The pooled prevalence of T. cati infection by PCR in four studies was 4.9% (95.0% CI: 1.9–7.9%). Conclusions: This systematic review underscores the need for preventive action against toxocariasis due to its widespread prevalence. The interplay between animal and human health should be emphasised, necessitating measures like deworming cats, hygiene practices, and public education to mitigate risks. Safeguarding feline health can also reduce human transmission, benefiting both species.

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Spatial analysis of Toxocara spp. eggs in soil as a potential for serious human infection

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Environmental soil contamination with zoonotic soil-transmitted helminths in the temple grounds of Chachoengsao Province, Thailand

Environmental soil contamination with zoonotic soil-transmitted helminths in the temple grounds of Chachoengsao Province, Thailand

Human Toxocariasis: 2010 to 2020 Contributions from Brazilian Researchers

Toxocara cati Infection in Cats (Felis catus): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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