No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

The structure and lean extinction of premixed liquefied petroleum gas–air flames seated on conductive perforated plates were examined experimentally, with focus on the effects of plate material, thickness, and hole diameter. The lean extinction limit was determined by gradually reducing the fuel-flow rate for a given air-flow rate, until extinction occurred. Flame structure was quantified by mapping the local mean temperature and species concentrations and by imaging the average visual length of the flame plume. Pyrometer measurements of the temperature of the upper plate surface were made to estimate the heat transfer through the plate. It was found that the flames stabilized on plates with higher thermal conductivity were shorter and more stable (i.e., have lower lean extinction limits). This was attributed to preheating of fresh reactant mixture by greater heat transfer through the plate. Increasing the hole diameter (percentage open area) was found to enhance flame stability by reducing the reactant jet velocity for a given flow rate of reactant mixture. Heat transfer through the plate deteriorated with increasing hole size. However, the positive effect of smaller jet velocity on flame stability overpowered the negative effect of reduced heat transfer, and the net result was enhanced stability with larger hole sizes. Plate thickness, on the other hand, was found to have a weak effect on flame stability and structure. Thicker plates showed slightly better stability characteristics because of greater heat transfer through them. Nonetheless, plate heat transfer did not affect flame stability as significantly as jet velocity did.