Human Toxocariasis: 2010 to 2020 Contributions from Brazilian Researchers

Chieffi, Pedro Paulo; Lescano, Susana Angélica Zevallos; Fonseca, Gabriela Rodrigues e; Santos, Sérgio Vieira dos

doi:10.2147/rrtm.s274733

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 129 publications

(137 reference statements)

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“…Reports with lower prevalence reported include 194/376 (51,6%) in urban recreation areas of north-central mesoregion, Paraná State, Brazil [ 27 ], 18/280 (6,43%) of pregnant women presented at the Obstetric Center, RS, Brazil [ 28 ], and other Brazilian regions [ [29] , [30] , [31] ]. To the author's knowledge, the prevalence of seropositivity in children/teens observed herein is the highest reported to date in Brazil, according to a recent review [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

One Health approach on human seroprevalence of anti-Toxocara antibodies, Toxocara spp. eggs in dogs and sand samples between seashore mainland and island areas of southern Brazil

et al. 2021

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Toxocariasis, caused by Toxocara spp. nematodes, is among the top 5 neglected parasitic diseases worldwide; however, no comprehensive study to date has serologically compared infections in people and their dogs and environmentally contaminated soil or sand of mainland and island locations. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of anti- Toxocara antibodies in traditional human seashore populations, the presence of eggs in dogs' feces and hair, and the presence of eggs in environmental samples from islands compared to the adjacent mainland of southern Brazil. Overall, 212/328 (64.6%) people were positive for Toxocara spp. antibodies, including 125/190 (65.8%) island and 87/138 (63.0%) mainland residents. For dog samples, 12/115 (10.43%) were positive for the presence of Toxocara spp. eggs, all from dogs living in islands, and 22/104 (21.15%) dog hair samples contained eggs of Toxocara spp. Environmental contamination with Toxocara spp. eggs was observed in 50/130 (38.46%) samples from all sampled sites. No significant association was found between risk factors (age, sex, educational level, monthly income, owning dogs or cats, ingestion of treated water, and consumption of raw or uncooked meat) and Toxocara spp. seropositivity. The present study is the first concurrent report on people, their dogs, and environmental contamination of Toxocara spp. The high prevalence we observed in the seashore populations of both in island and mainland areas may be caused by exposure to contaminated sand and climatic factors favoring frequent exposure to Toxocara spp. In conclusion, seashore lifestyle and living conditions of both island and mainland areas may have predisposed higher contact with infected pets and contaminated soil, favoring the high prevalence of toxocariasis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

One Health approach on human seroprevalence of anti-Toxocara antibodies, Toxocara spp. eggs in dogs and sand samples between seashore mainland and island areas of southern Brazil

et al. 2021

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“…Toxocariasis, a zoonosis caused by Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati nematode larvae, causes a variety of syndromes, including visceral larva migrans, ocular larva migrans, common or covert toxocariasis and neurotoxocariasis 1 - 4 . Rats and mice are paratenic hosts, widely used in research due to the similarities of their infections with those of humans with respect to the host-parasite relationship, larvae migration patterns, in addition to being easily maintained in the laboratory 5 - 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the absence of direct evidence of the parasite infection in paratenic hosts, indirect detection, especially of antibodies using immunological methods has a relevant role in the diagnosis of toxocariasis 9 . The literature has highlighted the use of Western-blotting (WB) techniques for the investigation of many immunological aspects 1 , 2 , 8 - 12 . The recognition of antigenic fractions of the parasite by IgG antibodies throughout experimental infections induced by different inocula has not yet been evaluated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxocara canis 30-35 kDa excretory-secretory antigen is an important marker in mice challenged by inocula containing different parasite load levels

Fonseca

Corral

Paula

et al. 2022

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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The Western-blotting technique was applied to identify antigenic fractions of excretorysecretory Toxocara canis antigen recognized by IgG antibodies throughout an experimental infection in mice challenged by different inocula. Mice were inoculated with 5, 50 and 500 embryonated eggs and serum samples were collected 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days post-infection. Serum samples were analyzed using an excretory-secretory Toxocara antigen. Antibodies recognized antigenic fractions from 30 to 90 kDa. The protein fraction of 30-35 kDa was the most frequently recognized regardless of the size of inoculum and the stage of infection represented by the different collection times, but the antigenic recognition was more evident in groups infected with 50 and 500 eggs. This study presents an antigenic panel of the excretory-secretory antigen of T. canis and suggests that the 30-35 kDa antigenic fraction is a promising marker of the infection and should be further explored in future studies on experimental toxocariasis.

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“…Toxocariasis has been called a zoonotic disease for over fty years and much data has gathered in regards to the study of disease transmission and pathogenesis of contaminations (Halsby et al, 2016;Hotez, 2020). T. canis transmitted by canines, and wild canids, especially foxes and is quite possibly the most inescapable general health (Chie et al, 2021). The signi cance of T. cati contamination to human Toxocariasis can't be unnoticed (Alho et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Middle-East prevalence of Toxocara cati and Toxocara canis and Toxocara leonina in stray cats and dogs

Sadr

Moghaddam

Atazadeh

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Stray cats and dogs are the major risk factors for human toxocariasis and one of the most important public health issues. Accessing and analyzing the prevalence of Toxocara spp. in definitive host may help control and prevention of human toxocariasis. This systematic review and meta-analysis is the first study in Middle east, directed to estimate the prevalence of Toxocara cati, Toxocara canis and Toxocara leonina infection in cats and dogs by gender, age, geographical location, weather condition and other risk factors. Three English databanks (Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar) were searched for published articles about Toxocara parasites of cats and dogs in Middle-East from 1980 to 2022. Of 300 peer-reviewed articles, 40 were included in this review and represented cats and dogs from all over the Middle east countries. The collective prevalence (95% CI) of Toxocara cati infection in stray cats was 7.66%, being highest in north of Iran and lowest in Qatar countries. The collective prevalence (95% CI) of Toxocara canis infection in stray dogs was 26.34%, being highest in north of Iran and lowest in Israel countries. The collective prevalence (95% CI) of Toxocara leonina infection in stray cats and dogs was 2.85%, being highest in Egypt and lowest in Qatar countries. Prevalence of Toxocara leonina was higher in low-income tropical countries and also in young (12 months of age) cats and dogs and also higher in humid weather like north of Iran. Control prevention and of this zoonosis should take greater care by health officials particularly in countries where risk factors and prevalence are highest.

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Human Toxocariasis: 2010 to 2020 Contributions from Brazilian Researchers

Abstract: This is a review of the published contributions made by Brazilian researchers between 2010 and 2020 on the natural history of human toxocariasis and the effects of human toxocariasis on nonhuman paratenic hosts.

Cited by 10 publications

References 129 publications

One Health approach on human seroprevalence of anti-Toxocara antibodies, Toxocara spp. eggs in dogs and sand samples between seashore mainland and island areas of southern Brazil

One Health approach on human seroprevalence of anti-Toxocara antibodies, Toxocara spp. eggs in dogs and sand samples between seashore mainland and island areas of southern Brazil

Toxocara canis 30-35 kDa excretory-secretory antigen is an important marker in mice challenged by inocula containing different parasite load levels

Middle-East prevalence of Toxocara cati and Toxocara canis and Toxocara leonina in stray cats and dogs

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