<b>Soybean productivity in Rhodic Hapludox compacted by the action of furrow openers

Abstract

ABSTRACT. The heavy traffic of machines in no-tillage systems causes problems as soil compaction and loss of crops productivity. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the productivity of soybeans in reference to furrow openers and the levels of soil compaction in two crops. The experiment was conducted on Rhodic Hapludox by tracing random blocks with subdivided parcels. The soil bulk density levels were laid out in the parcels (1.16, 1.20, 1.22, and 1.26 Mg m -3) and the furrowers in the sub-parcels (double disc and shanks). The resistance to penetration, depth of the furrow, mobilized soil area, final plant stands, height of plants, mean number of beans by pod, 1,000 bean mass, number of pods per plant and productivity of the culture were evaluated. The resistance to penetration increased with the levels of soil compaction regardless of the farming year and up to a depth of 0.20 m. In the first crop, higher productivity with the use of the shank was observed. In the second crop, the use of the shank resulted in an increase in depth of the furrow, mobilized soil, height of the plants and final stand of the plants, but this did not indicate an increase in productivity.

Soybean Agronomic Performance and Soil Physical Attributes Under Tractor Traffic Intensities

“…The agricultural sector has been undergoing a profound transformation over the last 40 years with the use of technologies and tools involved in rural property management, aiming to achieve satisfactory levels of yield and profitability. In this scenario, the no-till system has played an essential role in soil conservation and grain yield increase (Trentin et al, 2018).…”

“…These changes limit root growth and the area explored by the roots (Secco et al, 2009), reduce water and nutrient absorption (Valadão et al, 2017), hinder gas exchange for infiltration/drainage, decrease the infiltration rate and water flow in the soil (Zambrana et al, 2010), reduce growth (Kirnak et al, 2016) and soybean yield components (Trentin et al, 2018), and may decrease grain yield (Valadão et al, 2017).…”

“…Thus, studies have reported compaction problems in the topsoil under no-tillage (Bergamin et al, 2010;Valicheski et al, 2012;Valadão et al, 2015;Arcoverde et al, 2019a). The depth of the compacted layer depends on several factors, including machine traffic intensity (Becerra et al, 2010;Valadão et al, 2015;Trentin et al, 2018), soil texture and mineralogy (Bergamin et al, 2010), organic matter content (Mujdeci et al, 2017), soil water content (Kirnak et al, 2017;Trentin et al, 2018), mass of agricultural equipment (Cortez et al, 2014;Sivarajan et al, 2018), inflation pressure, tire type, and tractor mass distribution on the axles (Cunha et al, 2009;Becerra et al, 2010;Cortez et al, 2014).…”

“…Soil density and porosity are considered indicators of the structural soil degradation caused by compaction (Mujdeci et al, 2017;Trentin et al, 2018). Penetration resistance is related to soil density and moisture, reflecting the effects of management on the root environment (Bergamin et al, 2010;Valadão et al, 2015).…”

Performance of cover and corn plants in different mechanical and biological management associations

“…Scarification provides disruption of compacted layers and soil breakdown, creating macropores and improving soil permeability that facilitate root growth and corrective movement in the soil (Prado et al, 2014;Guedes Filho et al, 2015). Another mechanical alternative is the use of seed boots on the seeder, which can improve the soil physical characteristics, such as reduced density and increased porosity in the sowing furrow, thus promoting yield gains in crops such as corn and soybean (Giacomeli et al, 2016;Drescher et al, 2017;Trentin et al, 2018). Green manures, in addition to improving the soil physical condition, have improved their protection against weather conditions, also recycling nutrients and reducing fertilizer expenses (Fageria, 2014;Nascente et al, 2016).…”