Countless cases of the no-tillage system in compacted layers are seen, making the adoption of management practices that improve the soil physical quality necessary. In this context, this study aimed to verify the influence of mechanical and biological management on the morphophysiological characters and yield of the corn crop and dry matter of cover crops cultivated in an Oxisol. The experiment was conducted at FAZESC, Farm School of the State University of the Central West-UNICENTRO, Guarapuava-PR, in an Oxisol with a very clayey texture. The used experimental design was of completely randomized blocks with split-split plots, with the following evaluated factors: with or without scarification in the plots, sowing with double disc or seed boot in the subplots and soil cover crops (black oat succeeded by the mixture composed by black oat, forage turnip, blue lupine, rye and common vetch; turnip succeeded by the consortium black oat + forage turnip; and fallow) in the sub-subplots. Dry matter production of soil covers, as well as morphophysiological attributes and corn crop yield were evaluated. Soil scarification did not affect corn yield, regardless of the used soil cover or furrowing system at sowing. Seeding done with seed boot limited the corn yield when associated to the soil cover with black oat and soil management with scarification. Soil cover has an effect on the stability and yield of the corn crop, with the fallow being the most productive instability. The mixture of toppings and the black oat + forage turnip had a high potential of dry matter production.
The objective of the work was to evaluate the mechanical management of the soil and green manure cumulative during 22 months in the physical quality of the soil. The study was conducted at the UNICENTRO school farm in Guarapuava, PR. The design used was that of randomized blocks, in a 2x2x3 factorial scheme with 4 replications. Factor 1: scarification or not; Factor 2: sowing with double disc or furrowing rod; Factor 3: cover crops (turnip + black oats, crop mix and fallow). Soil physical attributes, penetration resistance (RP) and soybean yield were evaluated. The PR after 22 months of scarification showed a reduction in soil compaction, reflecting the performance of the partnership with green manures. Grooving rod was a viable alternative to reduce RP in the 0.05-0.15 m depth layer. The cultivation of turnip + oats or crop mix reduced PR during the commercial crop cycle. The physical attributes of the soil detected changes in the soil in the layer of 0-0.10 m of depth due to the performance of the cover plants, with greater macroporosity of the soil and lower density of the soil when scarifying the soil after 16 months of scarification and after the cultivation of green manure. The physical attributes of the soil did not detect changes in the 0-0.10 m and 0.10-0.20 m depth layer after soybean cultivation, 22 months after scarification. Scarification, green manure and the use of a furrow did not alter the productivity of the soybean crop.
The objective of this work was to verify the effect of different soil compaction degree on the development of Ilex paraguariensis. The study was conducted in a greenhouse at UNICENTRO in Guarapuava, PR. For the culture implantation, pots of 0.15 m diameter were made with PVC tubes, subdivided into rings. The upper and lower ring presented thickness of 0.20 m and were subjected to soil compaction degree (GC) of 75%, while the intermediate ring presented thickness of 0.05 m, and received GC of 75, 80, 85, 90 and 95%. It was verified a negative effect of the mate herb growth due to soil compaction, being the soil compaction degree of 85% more favorable for the development of the Ilex paraguariensis.
É necessário estudo da variabilidade da compactação do solo identificada pela resistência a penetração, permitindo manejo a taxa variável com equipamentos agrícolas diante de adequada grade amostral. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a variabilidade espacial da resistência à penetração com diferentes grades amostrais e indicação de manejo de um Latossolo Bruno na região centro sul do Paraná. Foi utilizado área experimental de 0,2 ha e grid amostral de 4 x 4 m, totalizando 120 leituras de resistência à penetração. A umidade gravimétrica média do solo na camada 0,0-0,2 m no momento da coleta de dados foi de 43,5%. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística, realizada para diferentes intensidades de amostragem, simuladas pela exclusão de pontos amostrais distribuídos uniformemente pela área, sendo obtido grid amostral de 4 x 4 m, 4 x 8 m e 4 x 40 m. A camada compreendida entre a faixa de 0,05 e 0,2 m apresentou maior média dos valores de resistência à penetração em relação às demais camadas estudadas. Para realizar manejo motomecanizado a taxa fixa em toda a área, a malha 4x40 pode ser utilizada. Para executar manejo a taxa variada, a malha ideal é 4x4, sendo possível uso da malha 4x8.
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