Marking behavior of the giant anteater Myrmecophaga tridactyla (Mammalia: Myrmecophagidae) in Southern Brazil

Abstract

This research presents novel data on tree marking by the giant anteater, a large Neotropical mammal threatened in the state of Paraná and other areas of Brazil, and nearly threatened worldwide. Field work was carried out in the municipality of Jaguariaíva, Paraná (Southern Brazil) with the goal of evaluating the pine marking behavior of the giant anteater and ascertaining whether wildfires interfere with it. Anteater marks were searched for on the trunks of pine trees in stands as well as pine trees dispersed throughout the landscape. For each pine tree, the following features were recorded: height, diameter breast height (DBH), height of first branch, presence/absence of scratch marks, geographical location, substrate, and matrix. The total number of scratches, scratch directions, scratch length, and height of top mark were also recorded. The scratches were defined as horizontal or vertical. Tree scratching was directly observed in three instances. Ninety-one trees were measured in the study area. The differences between marked and non-marked pines were significant for DBH and height of first branch. All scratches were found on pines dispersed throughout the landscape. Trees with horizontal and vertical marks were significantly different in terms of DBH, first branch height, and top mark height. After a wildfire that affected part of the study area, 54% of the previously marked trees were marked anew. We suggest that the marking behavior is used for communication between conspecifics with overlapping home ranges, possibly during the mating season. Additionally, we advance the hypothesis that pine marking behavior becomes more frequent with increased population stress due to anthropic interference

Report of three non-agonistic encounters of free-living giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla)

“…Giant anteaters exhibit several types of behavior consistent with expectations for a solitary species, all of which have been associated with presumed territoriality in this a species as solitary does not necessarily mean that the animals do not maintain non-hostile social interactions (Kappeler & van Schaik, 2002). In captivity, giant anteaters and lesser anteaters (Tamandua tetradactyla) are usually pair-housed, generally two females but sometimes a male and female (except species, such as agonistic encounters (Rocha & Mourão, 2006;Kreutz et al, 2009;Miranda Jr. & Bertassoni, 2014), scratch marking (Braga et al, 2010), and scent marking via urination, where the animal rubs its genitalia on a surface such as logs or rocks (F. Miranda, pers. obs.).…”

“A Era do Gelo – O Filme”: uma análise de seu potencial para o ensino de paleontologia

“…O gênero Myrmecophaga, do popularmente chamado "Tamanduá-bandeira" (NAVARRETE & ORTEGA, 2011) endêmico das Américas Central e Sul (ocorre, também, ao longo do Brasil). Este animal apresenta 100-190 cm de comprimento, calda de 64-90 cm (BRAGA et al, 2010) e a cabeça cilíndrica (LÓPEZ & PACHECO, 2013), com focinho alongado (BENTON, 2008). Devido à dificuldade de se afirmar um grupo específico para a preguiça do filme, será tratado da família Nothrotheridae, que engloba preguiças gigantes extintas que desapareceram ao final do Pleistoceno.…”

Novos Registros deMyrmecophaga tridactyla(Mammalia: Xenarthra) No Estado do Paraná, Brasil

“…onitoramentos mastofaunísticos realizados nas áreas de plantio de pinus pertencentes à Florestal Vale do Corisco Ltda. nos municípios de Jaguariaíva e Sengés registraram inúmeras vezes o tamanduá-bandeira entre os anos de 2003 e 2010 Braga, 2010;Braga et al, 2010).…”