Processamento auditivo em crianças com fala normal e desviante

Abstract

Phonol ogical speech disorders are characterized by abnormal development towards the adult target pattern; its etiology is unknown. It is thought the this condition results from auditory processing disorders involving the abilities required for human beings to understand what is heard. Aim:To investigate the relationship between auditory processing and the acquisition of disordered or normal speech, drawing comparisons between these profiles. Material and Method:A prospective, contemporary, cross-sectional study comprising a sample of 44 subjects aged 5 to 7 years; two groups were formed: a study group (SG) comprising children with disordered speech acquisition, and a control group (CG) consisting of children with normal speech acquisition. A simplified evaluation of auditory processing was undertaken: the PSI test in Portuguese; the speech-in-noise test; the binaural fusion test; the dichotic digit test; and the staggered spondaic word test (SSW).Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups; the SG scored worse than the CG in all the tests. The PSI test only -with a 100% success rate -scored equally in both groups. Conclusion:Auditory processing may affect speech development. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;76(6):718-22. ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Efeitos do treinamento auditivo computadorizado em crianças com distúrbio do processamento auditivo e sistema fonológico típico e atípico

“…A previous study (4) carried out in children with speech alteration showed that the PSI test in contralateral competitive message was not sensitive enough to identify alteration in this population, because the children did not present errors during the evaluation. According to the authors, this result may be related to the fact that the message is shown on one side and the phrase on another, each ear receiving verbal stimulus monoaurally (4) .…”

“…According to the authors, this result may be related to the fact that the message is shown on one side and the phrase on another, each ear receiving verbal stimulus monoaurally (4) . Despite the knowledge that the difficulty in the PSI test may be associated with lack of awareness of phonemes that compose the speech (18) , this test was the one that showed the least significant results in intragroup and intergroup comparison, as well as pre-CAT changes.…”

“…Briefly, the AP can be defined as a set of skills that allows the subject to understand what was heard (2) . In addition the changes in the PA, called Auditory Processing Disorder (APD), children may have difficulty in speech acquisition process (3,4) . In such cases, there may be a Phonological Disorder (PD), which is characterized by omission or substitution of phonemes during speech, beyond 4 years of age (5) .…”

“…Thus, such children would present the called atypical phonological system (6) . In many cases, children with PD manifest greater difficulties in AP tests involving the ability of selective attention (3,4) , the ability of temporal resolution related to the recognition of language phonemes, the decoding and temporal organization (3) . As recommended by the American Speech-Language Hearing Association (ASHA) (1) , AP skills are accessed through hearing tests that include analysis of different auditory gnosis processes, with verbal and non-verbal stimuli for verification of different regions of brain answers the sound stimuli.…”

Caracterização dos tipos de erros cometidos na avaliação do processamento auditivo por meio do Staggered Spondaic Word test

“…Extensive research, using the SSW test for evaluating AP, has been carried out on clinical populations assessing: difficulties in learning to read and write 1,4,[8][9][10][11] , the relationship between phonological disorder and AP [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] ; the relationship between oral breathing and the central auditory system 19 ; dyslexia 20 ; comorbidity between attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) and dyslexia 21 ; the relationship between performance in cognitive tests and AP tasks 22 ; listening skills in students aged 7 to 10 years, from different socioeconomic and cultural levels 23 and effectiveness of an informal program of specific auditory training for Auditory Processing Disorders (APD) in a group of 24 patients with this alteration.…”