Influências da temperatura de armazenamento e de extratores na determinação de glomalina em solos Paraibanos

Sousa, Carmen; Menezes, Rômulo Simões Cézar; Sampaio, Everardo Valadares de Sá Barretto; Lima, Francisco de Sousa

doi:10.1590/s1806-66902011000400003

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The T-GRSP is the glycoprotein fraction mostly located inside the aggregates and later deposited in the soil Upadhyaya, 1998). Thus, it appears that this glomalin fraction is highly recalcitrant and does not suffer significant short-term effects (Sousa et al, 2011), which may have contributed to the results.…”

Section: Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus in microbial activity and aggregation of a Cerrado Oxisol in crop sequence

et al. 2014

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Soil structure has major influence on ecosystem sustainability and plant growth. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are an important functional group of soil microbiota, acting in the process of aggregation, especially in agroecosystems and related to the production and plant diversity. AMF are widely distributed in tropical agroecosystems and are extremely important for development of many agricultural crops. The present study evaluated the effect of inoculation with Glomus macrocarpum in different crop sequences on plant growth, microbial activity and aggregation of a Cerrado Oxisol. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design in a4 x 4 factorial scheme. Treatments consisted of four conditions of elimination and/or introduction of AMF (NS-NI: non-sterilized and non-inoculated; NS-I: non-sterilized and inoculated; S-NI: sterilized and non-inoculated; andS-I: sterilized and inoculated) and four crop sequences (Panicum maximum/Panicum maximum, Brachiaria ruziziensis/ soybean, sorghum/soybean and Stylosanthes spp./soybean). Inoculation favored growth of Stylosanthes spp. by increasing plant growth in up to 91% when inoculated. None of the grasses benefited from G. macrocarpum introduction. We observed that G. macrocarpum inoculation associated with indigenous AMF increased microbial biomass, phosphatase activity, mean geometric diameter and mean weighted diameter. The results indicated the beneficial effects of inoculation, which reflected in soil structure improvement and, hence, to agroecosystems sustainability.Index terms: Microbial carbon, acid phosphatase, mean geometric diameter, mean weight diameter, soil structure. RESUMOA estrutura do solo exerce importante influência na sustentabilidade dos ecossistemas e no crescimento de plantas. Os fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) constituem um importante grupo funcional da microbiota do solo, atuando diretamente nos processos de agregação, principalmente em agroecossistemas e têm relação direta com a produção e diversidade vegetal. Esses estão amplamente distribuídos no agroecossistemas tropicais e são extremamente importantes para o crescimento de várias espécies vegetais agrícolas. No presente estudo, avaliou-se o efeito da inoculação com Glomus macrocarpum e diferentes sucessões de culturas no crescimento vegetal, na atividade microbiana e na agregação de um Latossolo Vermelho de Cerrado. O estudo foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com arranjo fatorial 4 x 4. Os tratamentos constituíram da combinação entre quatro condições de eliminação e/ou introdução de FMA (NS-NI: não autoclavado-não inoculado; NS-I: não autoclavado-inoculado; S-NI: autoclavado-não inoculado; S-I: autoclavado-inoculado) e quatro sucessões de culturas (Panicum maximum/Panicum maximum; Brachiaria ruziziensis/soja; sorgo/soja; Stylosanthes spp./soja). A inoculação com FMAs favoreceu o crescimento do estilosantes, apresentando aumento de até 91% na produção de massa seca quando inoculado. Nenhumas das gramíneas beneficiaram-se com a introdução de G. ...

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Section: Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus in microbial activity and aggregation of a Cerrado Oxisol in crop sequence

et al. 2014

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“…A eficiência do citrato na extração de glomalina diminui a 110ºC (WRIGHT; UPADHYAYA, 1996), e somente uma pequena quantidade de glomalina é extraída a temperatura ambiente (WRIGHT; UPADHYAYA, 1996). Amostras de solo armazenadas em refrigerador 11 meses após coleta em campo apresentaram até 47,6% mais glomalina que as mantidas em temperatura ambiente (SOUSA et al, 2011b).…”

Section: Extração E Quantificação Da Glomalinaunclassified

Glomalina: características, produção, limitações e contribuição nos solos

et al. 2012

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ResumoA glomalina é uma glicoproteína hidrofóbica, termoestável e recalcitrante produzida pelos fungos micorrízicos arbusculares. A glomalina é extraída das hifas ou do solo através do uso de citrato de sódio (20-50 mM; pH 7,0 ou 8,0) a elevada temperatura (121ºC), e quantificada pelos métodos Elisa ou Bradford. Acredita-se que características do solo, condições climáticas, sistema de uso do solo, práticas de manejo agrícola, presença e tipo de vegetação, dentre outros fatores, influenciam na quantidade de glomalina produzida pelos FMA. A propriedade de "cola" da glomalina auxilia a fixação das partículas do solo, favorecendo a formação de agregados estáveis. A glomalina seqüestra metais pesados, reduzindo a disponibilidade e o risco de toxicidade destes elementos para organismos e plantas crescidos em solos poluídos. Entre 28 e 45% da molécula de glomalina é constituída por carbono e de 0,9 a 7,3% é nitrogênio, chegando a representar de 4 a 5% do C e do N totais do solo. Apesar da importante contribuição da glomalina, são necessários estudos para reformulação do protocolo de extração, para identificação de sua função fisiológica para os FMA, de seus estoques em diferentes ecossistemas, dos organismos responsáveis pela sua decomposição e consumo e das espécies de FMA mais produtoras desta proteína no solo. Palavras-chave: Proteína, micorrizas, agroecossistemas AbstractGlomalin is a hydrophobic, heat-stable, and recalcitrant glycoprotein produced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The glomalin is extracted from the hyphae or from the soil through the use of sodium citrate (20-50 mM; pH 7.0 or 8.0) at high temperature (121 °C) and is quantified by ELISA or Bradford methods. Soil characteristics, climatic conditions, land use systems, agricultural practices, presence and type of vegetation, among other factors, influence the amount of glomalin produced by AMF. The 'glue' property of glomalin helps to fixate soil particles, favoring the formation of stable aggregates. Glomalin sequesters heavy metals, reducing the availability and the risk of toxicity of these elements for organisms and plants grown in polluted soils. Depending on the extraction procedure and the origin of the soil, between 28 to 45% dry weight of the glomalin molecule is carbon and 0.9 to 7.3% is nitrogen, representing up to 4 to 5% of total C and N of the soil. Despite the important contribution of glomalin, studies are needed to reformulate the extraction protocol and to identify its physiological function for the AMF, their stocks in different ecosystems, the organisms responsible for its decomposition and consumption, and the AMF species producing more of this protein in the soil.

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“…Moreover, Sousa et al (2014), evaluating the occurrence of AMF in different successive stages of caating in the semi-arid region of Paraíba, found that regardless of the area, SPREEG and SPRTG did not differ significantly. Sousa et al (2011), working with Luvisol in the semi-arid region of Paraíba under savanna vegetation, used as pasture, noted that the highest glomalin levels (0.97 mg g soil -1 ) are possibly explained by the pH of 6.08; since fungi tend to predominate in acid soils, as in alkaline soils there is more competition with bacteria and other organisms (Weil & Brady, 2016). Sousa et al (2013) found that in the relationship between the diversity of land use systems and the AMF communities in the semi-arid region of Paraíba, the largest contents of SPRG were recorded in the palm production system, getting around 1.14 mg g soil -1 , in which plants also showed a higher percentage of mycorrhizal colonization, suggesting that large amounts of photosynthates were being allocated to the AMF by plants, what possibly stimulated the production of this protein.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi activity in Haplic Luvisol on the semi-arid region of Pernambuco Brazil

et al. 2017

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ABSTRACT:The use of microorganisms aiming to improve the availability of nutrients for plants is an important and necessary practice for agriculture. Thus, studies on the AMF occurrence in the brazilian northeastern and efficiency tests using native plants in the region have been intensified on recent decades. Aiming to determine the most probable number (MPN) of infective propagules in the area with native vegetation on the semi-arid region of Pernambuco, municipality of Sertânia, quantify the soil protein related to easily extractable glomalin (SPREEG) and to total glomalin (SPRTG), experiments were conducted in a greenhouse. For this study 10 composite soil samples were collected, with points randomly defined. Samples were homogenized and analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics. Being used for immediate examination and preparation trap cultures (one three-month cycle of propagation) to AMF, using as host plants sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). To determine the MPN of infective propagules of AMF in Haplic Luvisols, soil inoculum samples were diluted in the proportions of 0, 1:10, 1:100 and 1:1000 (soil inoculum: diluent soil, v:v) with 5 repetitions each, using maize (Zea mays L.) as host plant. The direct count (DC) differed significantly from the indirect (IC) of AMF with averages of 961.3 and 517.4 glomerospores per 100g soil, respectively. The NMP of infective propagules of AMF propagules found was 23 cm -3 and SPREEG and SPRTG were approximately 0.46 and 0.26 mg glomalin g -1 aggregate, respectively. RESUMO: O uso de micro-organismos com o objetivo de melhorar a disponibilidade de nutrientes para as plantas é uma prática importante e necessária para a agricultura. Assim, trabalhos sobre a atividade de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) no Nordeste do Brasil e testes de eficiência utilizando plantas nativas da região vêm se intensificando nas últimas décadas. Objetivando determinar o número mais provável (NMP) de propágulos

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Influências da temperatura de armazenamento e de extratores na determinação de glomalina em solos Paraibanos

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus in microbial activity and aggregation of a Cerrado Oxisol in crop sequence

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus in microbial activity and aggregation of a Cerrado Oxisol in crop sequence

Glomalina: características, produção, limitações e contribuição nos solos

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi activity in Haplic Luvisol on the semi-arid region of Pernambuco Brazil

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