Cadmium-induced oxidative stress and antioxidative enzyme response in water hyacinth and salvinia

Abstract

The reactive oxygen species generation, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme response of water hyacinth and salvinia to Cd were evaluated. Cadmium was absorbed/accumulated mainly in the roots, but significant amounts also translocated to the leaves. No Cd effect on dry weight was detected, although toxicity symptoms were visible. Superoxide and H 2 O 2 concentrations increased, in addition to lipid peroxidation in both species, especially in the leaves of salvinia. In general, antioxidative enzyme activities were reduced in both species following Cd treatment, especially in salvinia. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX, EC 1.11.1.9) activity decreased in water hyacinth but increased in salvinia. Glutathione S-transferase (GST, EC 2.5.1.18) activity increased in the leaves but decreased in the roots of both species. So, Cd induced ROS generation/accumulation, but the antioxidative enzymes were not able to combat the Cd-induced oxidative injury in these two species. Nevertheless, water hyacinth consistently showed a higher tolerance to Cd than salvinia.

Phytoremediation capacity of aquatic plants is associated with the degree of phytochelatin polymerization

“…Cd accumulation has led to an increase in H 2 O 2 and O 2 concentration and in the lipid peroxidation in the leaves of S. natans too. In the latter case, it has been accompanied by an elevation of the peroxidase (POX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities [22]. Exposure of E. canadensis leaves to Cd has caused apoplastic acidosis due to the enhanced binding of Cd to the cell wall.…”

Oxidative Stress of Cadmium-Induced Ovarian Rat Toxicity

“…Some experiments also confirmed the generation of non-radical hydrogen peroxide which itself in turn maybe a significant source of radicals via Fenton chemistry. Cd can activate cellular protein kinases (protein kinase C) which result in enhanced phosphorylation of various transcription factors which in turn lead to activation of target gene expression [10], [14], [15].…”

Polyhydroxyfullerene Binds Cadmium Ions and Alleviates Metal-Induced Oxidative Stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

“…Cd leads to oxidative injury in cells of living organisms due to intracellular accumulation of ROS (in microbes [19,20], plants [21], animals [22,23], and humans [28]). Consistently, we found that Cd induced ROS accumulation and plasma membrane disruption in cells of S. cerevisiae in a dose-dependent manner.…”

“…For instance, a quantitative estimation of Cd for Chinese rivers pointed to 4.45 tonnes (t) of Cd deposited per year along the Anhui section of the Yangtze River and to a high Cd content in the suspended matter (104.8 g g Ϫ1 ) in the Shun'an River (17). As a nonbiodegradable element, Cd has a very long biological half-life (18), and it has been reported to be toxic to macro-and microorganisms, including yeasts (19)(20)(21). Cd toxicity has been shown to be caused by oxidative stress (22,23); Cd can indirectly generate free radicals by replacing iron or copper ions in cytoplasmic and membrane proteins, leading to an increase of free or chelated metals (23), which in turn can lead to oxidative stress via Fenton reactions (24,25).…”