Comparação de técnicas de liberação de Trichogramma galloi Zucchi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) para o controle de Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Abstract

Comparison of Release Techniques of Trichogramma galloi Zucchi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to Control Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) ABSTRACT-We compared five different release techniques of Tricchogramma galloi Zucchi in the field to control the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius). The tests were carried out in June, November, and December of 1998, in Piracicaba, state of São Paulo. We evaluated the average daily egg parasitism in 25 equidistant infestation sites within 400 m 2 plots artificially infested with D. saccharalis eggs, with only one release of parasitoids. The percentage of parasitism and active period of T. galloi observed after adults were spread over the plot was similar to that obtained when adults were released in a single place. Besides, no differences were observed between releases of adults or non-protected pupae. However, the techniques using releases of protected pupae were superior to the others and were not affected by the weather conditions. Temperature and rain were the factors that most affected the release efficiency of the other four techniques. The release of protected pupae at three different ages did not increase the active period of the parasitoid. The spatial distribution of T. galloi was not affected by the release technique. Regardless of the technique used, the active period of the parasitoid lasted for six days.

Adult feeding and mating effects on the biological potential and parasitism of Trichogramma pretiosum and T. acacioi (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae)

“…This showed the importance of food supply for massive rearings or adult field releases of these parasitoids in biological control programs. There are different kinds of Trichogramma release techniques (Pinto, et al 2003) but for all of them, it is crucial to offer a source of food such as honey droplet for example to the parasitoid. These parasitoids normally feed on nectar and pollen of wild flowers in natural conditions (Andow and Rish, 1987;Wellinga and Wysoki, 1989;Hohmann et al, 2002).…”

Systematics of the Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) with a Focus on the Genera Attacking Lepidoptera

“…These females if treated with antibiotic or high temperatures will transform into normal arrhenotokous individuals. For this reason, it is important to determine the type of thelytoky involved before considering unisexual populations as distinct species or subspecies (Pinto 1997a).…”

“…Trichogramma on Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera and Neuroptera). Others are apparently restricted to a single order (Pinto 1997a). For example, Oligosita is known only from Hemiptera, Uscana only from Coleoptera, Megaphragma is restricted to Thysanoptera and Hydrophylita is recorded only from Odonata.…”

“…Species identification is principally based on the male antennae and male genitalia (see Fig. 7.8 General aspects of structures used for Trichogramma identification Pinto 1997a, 1999, Querino and Zucchi 2003a. The female antennae and ovipositor structure may also be taxonomically useful but clearly are of secondary importance (Pinto 1999).…”

Toxicidade de inseticidas registrados para uso em cana-de-açúcar ao parasitoide >i<Trichogramma galloi >/i<(Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

“…Várias pesquisas e técnicas foram desenvolvidas com o parasitoide de ovos T. galloi para o controle de D. saccharalis e demonstraram a eficiência do parasitoide no controle da praga (BOTELHO et al, 1995;BOTELHO et al, 1999;LIMA FILHO e DE LIMA, 2001;PINTO et al, 2003;BROGLIO-MICHELETTI et al, 2006). O controle biológico, por meio de liberações inundativas deste parasitoide apresenta a vantagem de poder reduzir a população da praga, antes que ocorra danos à cultura (BOTELHO et al, 1995).…”