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This research aimed at studing Telenomus remus Nixon biology reared on Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) eggs at different temperatures. Based on the development of the cycle (egg-adult), the thermal requirements and the number (154.12 degree-days and 12.6ºC). The estimated number of T. remus generation per year for males and females at laboratory conditions was 5. 6 and 5.6, 16.9 and 17.3, 28.3 and 29.0, 35.1 and 36.0, 39.6 and 40.7 at 15, 20, 25, 28, and (154,12 graus dias e 12,59ºC). A estimativa do número de gerações anuais para T. remus para machos e fêmeas em condições de laboratório foi respectivamente 5,6 e 5,6; 16,9 e 17,3; 28,3 e 29,0; 35,1 e 36,0; 39,6 e 40,7 nas temperaturas de 15, 20, 25, 28

(18, 20, 22, 25, 30, 32°C), 70±10% RU and photophase of 14 hours, with the aim of determining the thermal requirements and the number of generations during the year. There was an inverse correlation between the duration of the cycle and the increase of temperature in the thermal zone studied. Nevertheless, the sexual ratio was not affected by the temperature when the host was T. absoluta. The viability of T. pretiosum, reared in P. operculella, was more affected than in T. absoluta. The thermal requirement, calculated by the hyperbole was higher for T. absoluta (131.3 degrees day) in relation to P. operculella (120.9 degrees day), and the thermal threshold was lesser respectively, 12.98

Pupae of Thyrinteina arnobia (Stoll) and

Resumo -Ninfas de Podisus nigrispinus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) têm sido criadas em laboratório com larvas de Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). No entanto, não existem relatos sobre a predação, no campo ou em laboratório, de P. nigrispinus em Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), uma das principais pragas de inúmeras culturas no Brasil. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar o desenvolvimento ninfal e características reprodutivas do percevejo predador P. nigrispinus em lagartas de S. frugiperda e em larvas de T. molitor, em laboratório. A presa S. frugiperda proporcionou ao predador menor longevidade, maior produção e viabilidade de ovos do que as larvas de T. molitor. Esses resultados demonstram que a lagarta S. frugiperda melhora as características reprodutivas de P. nigrispinus, de forma que a sua utilização como presa alternativa pode servir para incrementar a produção massal desse inimigo natural.Termos para indexação: controle biológico, percevejo predador, lagarta do cartucho. Development of the predator Podisus nigrispinus fed on Spodoptera frugiperda and Tenebrio molitorAbstract -Nymphys of Podisus nigrispinus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) have been reared on Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), in laboratory conditions. However, there are no reports on P. nigrispinus predation, in field or laboratory, on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), one of the most damaging pests in crops in Brazil. This research had the objective to evaluate nymphal development and reproductive characteristics of the predator P. nigrispinus when reared on caterpillars of S. frugiperda and on larvae of T. molitor, in laboratory conditions. S. frugiperda provided a smaller longevity, higher egg production and viability to predator than T. molitor. The nutricional quality of this caterpillar improves the reproductive characteristics of the predator, so that its utilization as factitious host can increase mass production of this natural enemy.

Selection of Strains of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to Control the Tomato Leafminer Moths Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) and Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) ABSTRACT-The biological aspects and the parasitism of six strains of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley reared on eggs of tomato moths Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) and Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) were studied in order to select those with best biological features and more aggressive to control such pests. Life cycle, viability, sexual ratio and parasitism percentage were similar among the six strains studied regarding the parasitism of T. absoluta eggs. In P. operculella eggs, strains L1, L4 and L6 were more aggressive. Based on the cluster analysis, strains L1, L2, L4 and L5 had similar behavior when reared on T. absoluta eggs. For P. operculella, similarities were observed among strains L1, L3, L4 and L6. Considering the desirable biological characteristics, that is, higher parasitism, shorter life cycle, higher viability and predominance of females, strains L1 and L4 are more suitable for tomato moths.

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Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare and LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a gregarious and polyphagous parasitoid mainly of Lepidoptera pupae. The objective of this paper was to study the development of parasitoid on Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) pupae exposed to one, nine, 18, 27, 36, 45 or 54 female P. elaeisis, respectively. The females of the parasitoid remained in contact with pupae for 24 hours in glass tubes (14.0 × 2.2 cm), packed in a climatic chamber regulated at 25 ± 2 • C, 70 ± 10% relative humidity and photo phase of 12 hours. With the exception of density 1:1 (72.72%), in other densities parasitism was 100%. Adults of P. elaeisis did not emerge from pupae at densities of 1:1 and 9:1, but 100.0% of parasitoid emergence was observed at the density of 45:1 and 54.54% at 54:1. The duration of the life cycle of this parasitoid ranged from 20 to 28 days. P. elaeisis produced 49 to 589 descendants per pupa of B. mori. The sex ratio of P. elaeisis ranged from 0.93 ± 0.01 to 0.97 ± 0.01 without differences with 18, 27, 36, 45 and 54 females/host. This parasitoid should be reared with the density of 45 females per pupa of B. mori.