Resumo -Ninfas de Podisus nigrispinus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) têm sido criadas em laboratório com larvas de Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). No entanto, não existem relatos sobre a predação, no campo ou em laboratório, de P. nigrispinus em Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), uma das principais pragas de inúmeras culturas no Brasil. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar o desenvolvimento ninfal e características reprodutivas do percevejo predador P. nigrispinus em lagartas de S. frugiperda e em larvas de T. molitor, em laboratório. A presa S. frugiperda proporcionou ao predador menor longevidade, maior produção e viabilidade de ovos do que as larvas de T. molitor. Esses resultados demonstram que a lagarta S. frugiperda melhora as características reprodutivas de P. nigrispinus, de forma que a sua utilização como presa alternativa pode servir para incrementar a produção massal desse inimigo natural.Termos para indexação: controle biológico, percevejo predador, lagarta do cartucho. Development of the predator Podisus nigrispinus fed on Spodoptera frugiperda and Tenebrio molitorAbstract -Nymphys of Podisus nigrispinus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) have been reared on Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), in laboratory conditions. However, there are no reports on P. nigrispinus predation, in field or laboratory, on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), one of the most damaging pests in crops in Brazil. This research had the objective to evaluate nymphal development and reproductive characteristics of the predator P. nigrispinus when reared on caterpillars of S. frugiperda and on larvae of T. molitor, in laboratory conditions. S. frugiperda provided a smaller longevity, higher egg production and viability to predator than T. molitor. The nutricional quality of this caterpillar improves the reproductive characteristics of the predator, so that its utilization as factitious host can increase mass production of this natural enemy.

This study assessed the transgenerational effects of insecticides in developing Trichogramma galloi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Laboratory bioassays were performed in which five insecticides were sprayed on egg-larval, pre-pupal and pupal stages of the parasitoid. The interaction between insecticides and development stages of the parasitoid was not significant for the rate of F0 emergence. All insecticides significantly reduced the emergence of wasps, with the lowest emergence observed when they were applied to the pupal stage. For the sex ratio, only spinosad applied to the pre-pupal stage and triflumuron applied on the egg-larval and pre-pupal stages did not differ from the controls. Triflumuron applied to pre-pupae did not lead to any difference in the parasitism rate of the treated generation (F0) when compared to the control. There were no significant differences among survival curves for females of F0 when all insecticides were sprayed on the egg-larval stage. Both concentrations of lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam reduced female pre-pupal survival, and all treatments reduced female pupal survival. In addition, we observed a transgenerational effect of the insecticides on emergence and sex ratio of next generation (F1). Lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam (Min) applied to the pre-pupae and pupae, the maximum rate of the same insecticides applied to the egg-larvae and pre-pupae, and spinosad applied to pre-pupae all significantly reduced the adults emergence of T. galloi F1 generation. Only triflumuron did not alter the F1 sex ratio. These bioassays provide a basis for better understanding the effects of insecticide use on beneficial parasitoids.

-Palmistichus elaeisisDelvare & LaSalle is a natural pupal parasitoid of eucalyptus defoliator lepidopterans and is considered a promising biocontrol agent. However, the development of effi cient rearing techniques for this natural enemy are fi rst required before it can be used in biocontrol programs. Bombyx mori L. pupae are potential alternative hosts for this parasitoid mass rearing, and they are easy to rear. Therefore, we investigated the most suitable host age and the effects of parasitoid age on progeny production of P. elaeisis. B. mori pupae, 24h-, 48h-, 72h-or 96h-old were exposed to P. elaeisis females of similar age. The duration of the life cycle (egg-adult) of P. elaeisis was not affected by the age of the parasitizing female; however, the host age affected parasitoid development. The best parasitization was obtained for 72h-to 96h-old parasitoid females when offered to 48h-to 72h-old host pupae, allowing the synchronized rearing of a large number of P. elaeisis offspring.

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Developmental rates, egg and nymph survival and adult reproduction of Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Het., Pentatomidae) were investigated under six fluctuating temperatures and night-day regimes with a photoperiod of 14 h light : 10 h dark compared with a check temperature of 27 f 1.5"C. Lower development threshold temperatures for egg, nymphal stage and from egg to adult were estimated at 13.70, 11.96 and 12.68"C with a requirement, respectively, of 54.34, 284.25 and 327.13 degree-days. The highest egg-adult development rate was achieved at 25-35°C. At 10-20°C only 7.0% of nymphs reached adult stage, whereas at 27, 15-25 and 17-27"C, 93.0, 87.3 and 91.1% adult emergence was achieved, respectively. The females that emerged at 10-20°C laid no eggs, while those ar 25-35, 15-25, 17-27 and 27°C produced a total of 92.1,453.2,415.0 and 325.0 eggs, respectively. Results for threshold temperature and thermal requirement were approximately those reported at constant temperatures by other researchers, while the reproductive parameters of P. nigrispinus were better at intermediate temperatures ranging from 15-25 to 20-30°C.

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