Organophosphate and carbamate poisonings in the northwest of Paraná state, Brazil from 1994 to 2005: clinical and epidemiological aspects

Abstract

In the present study, clinical and epidemiological aspects of 529 intoxication cases of organophosphate or carbamate pesticides in the northwest of the state of Paraná, Brazil, over a twelve-year period (1994-2005, are presented. One hundred-five of 257 patients (40.8%) who attempted suicide were admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICUs), with an average hospital stay of two days (range 1-40 days). Men corresponded to 56.4% of the cases of suicide attempts and sixteen individuals died. One hundred-forty patients intoxicated due to occupational exposure were all young adults and nine of them were admitted to ICU, with average hospital stays of eight days (range 1-16 days). Of these cases, two patients died. One hundred twenty-four patients intoxicated due to accidental exposure were mainly children and had a hospital average stay of four days. Twenty patients were admitted to the ICU, and one of them died. Overall complications included respiratory failure, convulsions, and aspiration pneumonia. Deliberate ingestion of organophosphates and carbamates was much more toxic than occupational and accidental exposure. Men aged 15-39 years were the most likely to attempt suicide with these agents and had more prolonged ICU with significant complications and mortality.

Management of exogenous intoxication by carbamates and organophosphates at an emergency unit

“…2,11,[18][19][20] Our study also showed that gender distribution has been approximately the same, affecting especially men between 21 and 30 and women between 11 and 20 years old. Indeed, it is known that a large number of men and young women attempt suicide, on account of emotional, mental, social or financial problems.…”

“…10,11,21 The administration of atropine ampoules and the use of activated charcoal were found to improve the overall clinical picture of these patients, with p <0.0001 for both atropine and activated charcoal. On the other hand, gastric lavage was not a statistically significant conduct (p=0.07), with regard to therapy.…”

“…10 It should be highlighted the appearance of bronchorrhea, sialorrhea, miosis, diarrhea, muscular fasciculation, seizures and cyanosis, which may evolve, in severe cases, to coma or death. 10,11 It is known that, depending on the severity of the case, hospitalization with variable duration may be needed to monitor the clinical picture and the patient outcomes.…”

Determination of carbamates in beverages by liquid-liquid extraction with low temperature partitioning and liquid chromatography

“…9 Several reports have demonstrated that pesticide poisoning has been a long-standing problem through Africa, 10 Asia, 11,12 Europe 13 and Americas. 14,15 Recently, in Sri Lanka, carbofuran, carbosulfan and fenobucarb were detected in plasma samples from patients with a history of acute carbamate self-poisoning suggesting a mixed exposure. Carbofuran was detected in 158 samples at a concentration ranging from 20.7 to 62,200 ng mL -1 .…”

Período de decaimento em diferentes temperaturas do agrotóxico metil paration em uvas

“…No caso em particular das frutas, hortaliças e grãos, quando a aplicação destes defensivos agrícolas é feita muito próxima à coleta, sem respeitar os limites de quarentena, resíduos podem ser encontrados aderidos à superfície destes vegetais (CUN ZHANG et al, 2010). Os organofosforados são compostos responsáveis por intoxicações acidentais de animais e humanos, bem como casos relacionados a suicídio (FERREIRA et al;2008;PIRES et al, 2005;CAVALIERE et al, 1996). Alguns dos principais agrotóxicos pertencentes ao grupo químico dos inseticidas organofosforados são: metilparation, paraoxon metil, metamidofos, acefato, fentoato, vamidotion, naled e fenitrotion (PARA, 2016;SOARES et al, 2003).…”