"Aposentadorias e Pensões" e desigualdade da renda: uma análise para o Brasil no período 1998-2003

Abstract

Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a contribuição do componente do rendimento domiciliar "aposentadorias e pensões" para a desigualdade da distribuição do rendimento domiciliar per capita no Brasil, nos meios rural e urbano, em 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002 e 2003. Para isso, utilizaram-se estratos de rendimento domiciliar per capita e a metodologia de decomposição do índice de Gini dos seguintes componentes: rendimento do trabalho principal, rendimento de outros trabalhos, aposentadorias e pensões, doações, rendimentos de aluguel e outros rendimentos (juros, dividendos etc.). Destaca-se, nos resultados, a substancial contribuição das aposentadorias e pensões para a desigualdade da distribuição da renda no Brasil. A estratificação dos rendimentos domiciliares permitiu a constatação de que, no Brasil rural, o percentual de domicílios e pessoas na população e os rendimentos total e das aposentadorias e pensões estão localizados nos estratos inferiores da renda.

Advanced dementia in a sample of Brazilian elderly: Sociodemographic and morbidity analysis

“…30 It was found that elderly individuals with dementia contributed to 28.2% of the family income, in accordance with studies which have shown that the share of pensions and benefits in total household income is increasing progressively in Brazil. 31 In the assessment of the sociodemographic data of the primary caregivers of elderly people with advanced dementia, it was found that they are mostly female aged 53.2 years on average. They are mostly the children of patients, married, have 7.8 years of formal education, and 32 Figueiredo and Souza (2008) evaluated 52 patients with dementia in Portugal, 61.5% of whom were completely dependent, and noted that 67.7% of the caregivers were aged between 41 and 60 years, 88.5% were female, 51.9% were the patients' children, 75% were married, 53.8% had up to 4 years of education, and only 25% were employed.…”

Impact of Retirements and Pensions on the Social Welfare of the Households from Minas Gerais State

“…According to the survey results, income derived from social security accounted for the second largest share of income in the Gini coefficient calculation, behind only primary job income. Following the same line of reasoning, Ferreira and Souza (2008) analyzed PNAD data for the years 1998 to 2003 and demonstrated the substantial contribution of social security benefits to income distribution inequality in Brazil. Similarly, Hoffmann (2009) evaluated data from the 2007 PNAD and found that official retirement and pensions are slightly regressive.…”

“…Important studies on the impact of retirement and pensions on income distribution inequality have been conducted by Hoffmann (2003Hoffmann ( , 2009), Ueda (2005), Afonso and Fernandes (2005), Cavalieri and Pazello (2005), Ferreira (2006), Ferreira and Souza (2008), Silveira (2008) and Rangel (2011). Each of these studies adopted the Gini coefficient decomposition method, either by analyzing the various components of household income or by calculating the internal rates of return (IRRs) provided by social security contributions and benefits.…”

“…In this context, the works performed by Hoffmann (2003Hoffmann ( , 2009Hoffmann ( , 2010, Afonso and Fernandes (2005), Cavalieri and Pazello (2005), Ueda (2005) Ferreira (2006), Moura (2007), Reis and Camargo (2007), Ferreira and Souza (2008) Silveira (2008), Marinho and Araújo (2010), Rangel (2011) Carvalho Filho (2012, Medeiros and Souza (2013) and Reis, Silveira and Braga (2013) merit attention.…”

“…Certain studies indicate that retirement and pensions in Brazil reinforce inequality (Ueda, 2005;Ferreira, 2006;Ferreira & Souza, 2008;Rangel, 2011), whereas others indicate that RGPS retirement and pensions help to reduce inequality (Cavalieri & Pazello, 2005;Silveira, 2008). Studies that seek to identify the effects of retirement and pensions on poverty reduction are also noteworthy.…”