Normas brasileiras para listas de palavras associadas: associação semântica, concretude, frequência e emocionalidade

Abstract

RESUMO -O presente estudo fornece medidas normatizadas para 44 listas de palavras semanticamente associadas em português, de acordo com as seguintes dimensões: concretude, frequência, emocionalidade e associação semântica. Cada lista de palavras é composta por uma palavra-tema e 15 palavras semanticamente associadas a ela. As medidas de cada dimensão foram selecionadas de bancos de dados encontrados na literatura brasileira ou coletadas com universitários. Os resultados indicaram que os valores referentes à concretude, frequência e emocionalidade das palavras-tema tendem a covariar positivamente com os valores médios das suas respectivas listas. Além disso, o tamanho do conjunto de diferentes palavras associadas semanticamente à palavra-tema apresentou uma correlação inversa com a força associativa média das listas, mas não com a concretude da palavra-tema.Palavras-chave: normas; palavras associadas; emoção; concretude; léxico. Brazilian Norms for Word Lists: Semantic Association, Concreteness, Word Frequency, and EmotionalityABSTRACT -The present study provides normative measures for 44 word lists in Portuguese according to the following dimensions: concreteness, word frequency, emotionality and semantic association. Each list contains one theme word and 15 semantically associated words. The measures for each dimension were selected from databases published in the Brazilian literature, or collected from a sample of undergraduate students. The results indicated that concreteness, word frequency and emotionality values tend to co-vary positively with the average values of its respective lists. Furthermore, an inverse correlation was observed between the average associative values of each list and its set size, but no correlation was found between set size and the concreteness ratings of the theme word.

Rated pleasantness and relevance of Brazilian-Portuguese adjectives for future assessment instruments.

“…This paradigm includes 44 lists of 15 words that are semantically related to a critical word. Later, Stein and Gomes (2009) complemented the affective norms with norms of concreteness, word frequency, and semantic association. Word lists generally include mainly nouns and do not consider adjectives.…”

Um estudo sobre associação semântica de palavras do português brasileiro

“…The search for semantically associated words allows estimation of the set of semantic associates owing to some property or linguistic relationship, providing a way to assess the knowledge on words that individuals have acquired throughout their learning history (1) . Studies have focused on the semantic association of words and have correlated it with various aspects, such as semantic categories (3,4) , syntagmatic and paradigmatic properties (5) , development and/or aging processes (6)(7)(8)(9) , semantic context (1) , semantic dementia (10) , linguistic aspects as concreteness and frequency of words (2,11,12) , memory (11,13) , etc. Free word association tasks have been widely used in the development of semantic association norms.…”

“…They consist in presenting a target word to participants and asking them to produce a related word that comes to mind (2) . Two different tasks can be used: single response, in which individuals are required to produce only one response for each target word (1)(2)(3)(6)(7)(8)(9) and multiple response, in which individuals produce two or more responses in the sequence they come to mind (10,12,13) . Continuous association, or multiple response, has been criticized because it is subject to both response chaining, when the second word is generated as a function of the first word, not the target word, and retrieval inhibition, when the first word inhibits the production of other words (3,11) .…”

“…This strength is classified as weak (<10%), moderate (from 10 to 24%), or strong (>25%) (2,7,11) . It is directly related to set size, which can be total (all different responses are considered) or meaning (only responses generated by two or more participants are considered) (11,12) . Special care should be taken during the search for semantic associates regarding the acceptance of words derived from the target word, as in "trabalho" -"trabalhador" (work -worker), as well as with proper nouns, because of set size implications and structural similarity between the target word and other semantically associated words (2,7) .…”

Normas de Associação Livre para 1004 Palavras do Português Brasileiro

“…Collection of norms on words has long been used in Psychology to estimate measures like frequency of written material occurrence (Kucera & Francis, 1967;Thorndike & Lorge, 1944); semantic categories (Battig & Montague, 1969); imageability, concreteness and meaningfulness (Paivio, Yuille & Madigan, 1968); and, association to homographs (Kausler & Kollasch, 1970). There are few Brazilian databases that currently provide word association norms to the adult population: Salles et al (2008) collected norms for 88 words; Stein and Gomes (2009) described lists of words associated to 44 cues and Janczura (1996) identified associates of 69 names of everyday categories. This situation restricts the use of those verbal stimuli in the research, considering the need to control or manipulate the effect of different attributes on performance in different experimental paradigms.…”