Usos teórico-metodológicos das pesquisas na área de Ciências Sociais e Humanas em Saúde

Abstract

Entendemos que a forma como as pesquisas são metodologicamente construídas reflete a trajetória de constituição das Ciências Sociais no campo da Saúde Coletiva no país e guarda as influências de diversos atores, lideranças acadêmicas históricas ou emergentes, e além das influências institucionais e de suas respectivas culturas científicas. Mais do que uma escolha individual, de expertise douta, o exercício metodológico se dá num campo científico, como afirma Bourdieu 1 , com suas intrínsecas relações de força, de monopólio e de lutas. O que sempre estará em jogo, por fim, de maneira inseparável, é a capacidade técnica e o poder social de falar e agir de maneira autorizada e com autoridade sobre nossos objetos e temas, como um agente legitimado pela ciência.Não nos prestamos a uma análise de mérito das pesquisas analisadas, o que seria pretensioso e descabido em face do nível de consolidação deste subcampo. As Ciências Sociais e Humanas em Saúde integram o campo da Saúde Coletiva há pelo menos 50 anos. São responsáveis pela inclusão inovadora de inúmeros temas oriundos das agendas investigativas das disciplinas que as 2380 FÓRUM FORUM

Production of Knowledge in the Master’s Program in Collective Health of the Faculty of Nursing at Universidad de Antioquia, 1996-2013

“…10 who states that during the last 10 years of the 20 th century the production of knowledge in collective health has shown progress, both in the quantitative as in the qualitative, registering diverse theoreticalmethodological approaches, as well as in areas and themes. Regarding the methodological approach, in this study the qualitative approach prevailed, which coincides with studies conducted in Brazil, [10][11][12][13] specifically in the results of the analysis performed of all the works inscribed in the Congress of Social and Human Sciences in Health, held by the Brazilian Association of Collective Health (ABRASCO, for the term in Portuguese), in São Paulo, Brazil, in 2011, where it was reported that 68% of the works constituted micro-socials of qualitative approach 12 in all the studies. [11][12][13] Hence, a tendency to incorporate qualitative approach methods is evident in collective health, which could be related to the need of addressing persistent social problems in the health sector that demand another paradigm for their study; different from the quantitative paradigm [14][15][16] and, thus, explore the ways people understand and interpret their social worlds, 17 evaluating interaction as something essential to comprehend the reality experienced by individuals and groups.…”

“…Regarding the methodological approach, in this study the qualitative approach prevailed, which coincides with studies conducted in Brazil, [10][11][12][13] specifically in the results of the analysis performed of all the works inscribed in the Congress of Social and Human Sciences in Health, held by the Brazilian Association of Collective Health (ABRASCO, for the term in Portuguese), in São Paulo, Brazil, in 2011, where it was reported that 68% of the works constituted micro-socials of qualitative approach 12 in all the studies. [11][12][13] Hence, a tendency to incorporate qualitative approach methods is evident in collective health, which could be related to the need of addressing persistent social problems in the health sector that demand another paradigm for their study; different from the quantitative paradigm [14][15][16] and, thus, explore the ways people understand and interpret their social worlds, 17 evaluating interaction as something essential to comprehend the reality experienced by individuals and groups. [13][14][15][16] With respect to the use of ethnography, the results coincided with that reported in the study on the theoretical-methodological uses of research in the area of social and human sciences in health, based on the reading of abstracts of scientific journals published between 2009 and 2010, conducted by Deslandes and Iriart 13 who found that the use of this methodology corresponded to 12.7% of the total number of the publications.…”

“…[11][12][13] Hence, a tendency to incorporate qualitative approach methods is evident in collective health, which could be related to the need of addressing persistent social problems in the health sector that demand another paradigm for their study; different from the quantitative paradigm [14][15][16] and, thus, explore the ways people understand and interpret their social worlds, 17 evaluating interaction as something essential to comprehend the reality experienced by individuals and groups. [13][14][15][16] With respect to the use of ethnography, the results coincided with that reported in the study on the theoretical-methodological uses of research in the area of social and human sciences in health, based on the reading of abstracts of scientific journals published between 2009 and 2010, conducted by Deslandes and Iriart 13 who found that the use of this methodology corresponded to 12.7% of the total number of the publications. The study by Díaz et al 18 characterized publications in two formation centers in Colombia and Brazil, finding 79% predominance of quantitative approaches in a Colombian journal.…”

Sexuality Workshop For Adolescents: Participative Strategy For Collective Knowledge Construction

“…Social and collective-health research takes into account individuals' subjective and objective aspects [5].…”

As Ciências Sociais e Humanas em Saúde na ABRASCO: a construção de um pensamento social em saúde

“…Esses conflitos, segundo Bourdieu 7 , envolvem uma dupla dimensão, a política e a epistemológica. Como a produção de um campo científico não passa ao largo de seus praticantes 19 , faz-se necessário compreender a conexão entre o campo científico e os seus atores, neste caso, o campo do pensamento social em saúde.…”