Comportamento ingestivo, consumo de forragem e desempenho de cabritas alimentadas com diferentes níveis de suplementação

Abstract

Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as alterações no comportamento ingestivo, consumo diário de forragem e desempenho de cabritas alimentadas com diferentes níveis de suplementação, em pastagem de aveia-preta (Avena strigosa, 'IAPAR 61'). Foram utilizadas 36 cabritas da raça Boer, com 10 meses de idade e peso médio inicial de 21 kg, que receberam suplementação alimentar com milho moído e farelo de soja a 0, 0,5, 1 e 1,5% do peso vivo, em pastejo de lotação contínua com taxa de lotação variável. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com três repetições. Foram avaliados: altura, taxa de acúmulo, massa, oferta e estrutura da pastagem; carga animal; ganho de peso individual e por área; e tempo de pastejo, ruminação e ócio (comportamento ingestivo); além do consumo de forragem. A suplementação diminuiu o consumo de forragem -2,4, 1,45, 1,43 e 1,05% do peso vivo, nos tratamentos com 0, 0,5, 1 e 1,5%, respectivamente -, o tempo de pastejo diário e o ganho de peso individual. Os níveis de suplementação não alteraram o consumo total de matéria seca (forragem + concentrado) e nem o tempo de ruminação, mas aumentaram o tempo de ócio, o que permitiu maior desempenho dos animais por área.Termos para indexação: estrutura da pastagem, ganho de peso, óxido de cromo, tempo de pastejo. Ingestive behavior, forage intake and performance of goats fed with different levels of supplementationAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate changes in ingestive behavior, dry matter intake, and performance of goats fed with different levels of supplementation, in black oat pasture (Avena strigosa, 'IAPAR 61'). Thirty-six ten-month-old Boer goats were used, with an initial average weight of 21 kg, which received supplementation with 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5% of body weight, in continuous stocking grazing with variable stocking rate. A randomized block design was used with three replicates. Evaluations were done for: height, accumulation rate, mass, offer, and structure of the pasture; stocking rate; individual and per-area weight gain; and time used for grazing, rumination and resting periods (ingestive behavior); besides forage intake. Supplementation decreased forage intake -2.4, 1.45, 1.43, and 1.05% of body weight, in treatments with 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5%, respectively -, daily grazing time, and the individual weight gain. The supplementation levels did not change total dry matter intake (forage + concentrate) neither the rumination time, but they increased resting time, which allowed greater animal performance per area.

Performance and grazing behavior of growing goats supplemented with palm tree fruit

“…Goats did not reach the predicted weight gain (150 g BW/day), which result is similar to that obtained by Adami et al (2013) (0.110 kg BW/day) for goats of the same category supplemented with diets containing corn, soybean, and wheat meal in the proportion of 1.5% BW. Thus, supplementation with tucum fruit can be adopted for less demanding animal categories or for reducing the diet costs, considering the proportion of NDF and EE of the fruits.…”

“…The nutrient supply from the concentrate supplementation should not completely meet the requirements of animals, thus avoiding physiological energetic limitation by the chemostatic effect in the medial hypothalamus (satiety center), and the pasture should meet other needs (Ferdous et al, 2012). Setting the supplement at 1.5% BW is compatible with the research carried out with goats supplemented in the proportion of 1 to 1.5% BW with corn and soybean meal in pasture systems (Bezerra et al, 2010;Adami et al, 2013).…”

“…The reduction in grazing time of goats on pasture supplemented with feed containing fruits of carnauba and tucum is justified by the effect of energy supplementation on intake, with effect on the regulation of forage intake, favoring a reduction in grazing time and demand of nutrients from the pasture (Adami et al, 2013).…”

Performance supplementation and ingestive behavior of sheep finished in continuous pasture in the period of water restriction

“…According to Sampaio et al (2016), the use of pastures is the main source of food used in the production system of sheep and other ruminants, so it is important to be aware of climate changes during the year, as well as the productive changes of the plant. In production systems th at use only pasture as a source of food, there may be an imbalance between the nutritional quality of the fodder and the demands of the animals during the year, which may reduce the productive potential (Adami et al, 2013).…”

<b>Cattle production supplemented on signal grass pastures during the rainy season

“…Concentrate supplementation has been another strategy to intensify animal production on pastures (Adami et Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences Maringá, v. 38, n. 1, p. 53-60, Jan.-Mar., 2016 al., 2013;Gomide, Reis, Simili, & Moreira, 2009;Silva et al, 2010). It may actually provide nutrients lacking in pastures and, consequently, contribute to improve animal performance, increase stocking rates of pastures and decrease the production cycle by slaughtering younger and heavier animals, following the requirements of the market (Reis, Ruggieri, Oliveira, Azenha, & Casagrande, 2012).…”