This study aimed at evaluating the influence of a silvopastoral system (SPS) composed of ''Aroeira'' trees (Myracrodruon urundeuva) on the nutritional value of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu forage grass over the rainy season. The experiment was conducted in the SPS located in the ''Cerrado'' biome in Lagoa Santa County, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, in the agricultural year of 2004-2005. It was evaluated the influence of ''Aroeira'', whose density in the area was 140 trees/ha, on the following parameters of the B. brizantha cv. Marandu forage grass: forage mass harvest above stubble height, morphogenic attributes, bromatological composition and nutritional value. The effects of ''Aroeira'' trees on the micro-climatic conditions were also evaluated. The experiment adopted a randomized block design with five blocks (cutting seasons), two treatments (a shaded pasture-B. brizantha cv. Marandu shaded by M. urundeuvaand a pasture in full sun-B. brizantha cv. Marandu in full sun), and three replicates. The tree component, composed of the tree species M. urundeuva in the experimental density adopted, increased dry matter and crude protein of the forage mass harvest above stubble height, without affecting the concentration of neutral detergent fibre or acid detergent fibre, thus causing dry matter and organic matter in vitro degradability as well as effective degradability of the forage grass to remain the same as those obtained in full sun. Therefore, the results of this study show the possibility of using trees and grass to increase both animal production and environmental services.

Produtividade e valor nutritivo da

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da inclusão crescente do propilenoglicol na água de ovelhas durante a lactação sobre os parâmetros sanguíneos de suas crias. Foram avaliados 24 cordeiros, filhos de ovelhas que foram alimentadas com diferentes níveis de propilenoglicol (PG) na água. Essas ovelhas foram distribuídas em 4 tratamentos (0; 1,5; 3,0 e 4,5% PG) em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com esquema de parcela subdividida no tempo. Houve efeito de interação entre os níveis de inclusão do PG na água e a idade do cordeiro para as concentrações de colesterol, HDL (Lipoproteína de alta densidade), triglicerídeos, VLDL (Lipoproteína de muito baixa densidade), frutosamina, e enzimas aspartato aminotransferase (AST) e fosfatase alcalina (FA). A inclusão de PG e o período de avaliação (idade dos cordeiros) afeta a concentração dos metabólitos energéticos. A utilização do PG na alimentação de ovelhas lactantes, não proporciona efeitos negativos nos parâmetros sanguíneos dos cordeiros. As concentrações das enzimas AST, GGT e FA dentro da normalidade indica que os cordeiros filhos de ovelhas alimentadas com PG não desenvolveram lesão hepática. A inclusão de PG acima de 2,5% ocasiona intoxicação nas ovelhas.

Nutritional and metabolic parameters of sheep fed with extrused roughage in comparison with corn silageParâmetros nutricionais e metabólicos de ovinos alimentados com volumoso extrusado em comparação com a silagem de milho AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the use of extrused roughage on nutritional and metabolic parameters in sheep. Eighteen 3-year-old sheep in metabolic cages were randomly assigned to two treatments: corn silage and extruded roughage. Dry matter intake (DMI) and water intake were calculated as the difference between offered feed and orts left. Ruminal movement was assessed through auscultation of the rumen for five minutes, glycemia and other metabolites through blood collection by jugular venipuncture, and feeding behavior by observation every 5 minutes for 24 hours. DMI per animal, both as a percentage of live weight and in relation to metabolic weight, was higher for animals fed extrused roughage. The extrused roughage treatment also resulted in reduced ruminal movement and higher dry matter digestibility (DMD), glycemia and drinking water intake. Animals fed with extrused roughage reduced the time of rumination and total chewing, thus increasing ingestion, chewing and rumination efficiency. Blood concentrations of glucose and urea were higher in animals fed extrused roughage, while cholesterol concentration was lower. We conclude that the use of extrused roughage promotes improvement in the nutritional parameters of sheep by increasing DMI and DMD, and reducing chewing and rumination times, without causing disorders in energy and protein metabolism. Key words: Extrusion. Nutrition. Ovis Áries. Ruminants. ResumoObjetivou-se, com este estudo, avaliar o efeito da utilização do volumoso extrusado sobre os parâmetros nutricionais e metabólicos em ovinos. Para isso utilizou-se dezoito ovelhas com idade média de 3 (três) anos, alocadas em gaiolas metabólicas, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em dois tratamentos: silagem de milho e volumoso extrusado. O CMS e consumo de água foram calculados pela diferença entre ofertado e sobra. A movimentação ruminal foi obtida através de auscultação do rúmen por cinco minutos, a glicemia e os metabólitos energéticos e proteicos através de coleta de sangue por venopunção jugular, e o comportamento ingestivo por observação a cada 5 minutos durante 24 horas. O CMS quando expresso em porcentagem do peso corporal e em relação ao peso metabólico foi maior para o tratamento com volumoso extrusado em todas as unidades estudadas, o que se deve a melhor digestibilidade da matéria seca da ração. A movimentação ruminal foi menor e a digestibilidade da matéria seca (DMS), glicemia e o consumo de água bebida maior para o tratamento com o volumoso extrusado. Os animais alimentados com o volumoso extrusado reduziram o tempo de ruminação e mastigação total, consequentemente aumentaram a eficiência de ingestão, ruminação e mastigação total. A concentração sanguínea de glicose e ureia foi maior para o tratamento com o volumoso extrusado, en...

The aim of this study was to compare a silvopastoral system with a control (pasture only) in the Brazilian Cerrado. The silvopastoral system consisted of a tropical grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) pasture and trees (Zeyheria tuberculosa), while the control was a Marandu pasture without trees. Sheep intake, feeding behavior and microclimatic conditions were the variables evaluated. Temperatures within the silvopastoral system were lower than in the control (maximum temperature of 28 and 33.5 °C, temperature and humidity index of 74.0 and 79.2 for the silvopastoral system and control, respectively). There was increased dry matter intake (88.2 .05) in grazing sheep in the silvopastoral system relative to the control. The results suggest that a silvopastoral system would provide a more favorable environment than a straight pasture for sheep performance in a tropical grazing situation. ResumenEn el estudio se compararon un sistema silvopastoril con un sistema control de solo pastura en condiciones del Cerrado brasileño. El sistema silvopastoril consistió en una pastura de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu con árboles de Zeyheria tuberculosa, mientras que el tratamiento control consistió en una pastura de cv. Marandu sin árboles. Como variables se midieron el consumo por ovejas, su comportamiento de pastoreo y las condiciones microclimáticas durante el tiempo de evaluaciones. Las temperaturas para el sistema silvopastoril fueron más bajas que en el control (temperatura máxima de 28 y 33.5 °C, e índice de temperatura-humedad de 74.0 y 79.2 para el sistema silvopastoril y el control, respectivamente). Las ovejas en pastoreo mostraron mayor consumo de materia seca (88.2 vs. 79.9 g MS/kg 0.75 peso vivo/día, P<0.05) y de materia orgánica (89.6 vs. 81.1 g MO/kg 0.75 peso vivo/día, P<0.05), mayor tiempo pastoreando (572 vs. 288 minutos/día, P<0.05), menor consumo total de agua (430 vs. 474 mL/kg 0.75 peso vivo/día, P<0.05) y menor tiempo caminando (30 vs. 89 minutos/día, P<0.05) en el sistema silvopastoril en comparación con el sistema control. Los resultados indican que para la producción ovina bajo condiciones tropicales un sistema silvopastoril puede proporcionar un entorno más favorable que un sistema de pastura sola.

The study aimed to determine the biochemical reference ranges for lambs from birth to 1 year of age in the tropics. Data were obtained from experiments performed in several institutions and commercial farms using Santa Inês, Dorper, Lacaune, Morada Nova, Bergamacia and Suffolk lambs reared under different conditions (grazing, feedlot, semi-feedlot) from 2006 to 2017. Serum energy-, protein-, mineral-, and enzyme-related metabolites were evaluated. The metabolic energy profile included data from glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, fructosamine, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; the metabolic protein profile included total protein, uric acid, urea, albumin, and creatinine; the metabolic mineral profile included data on calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium; and the metabolic enzymatic profile included the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and creatine kinase. The reference ranges were estimated using confidence intervals with a 95% confidence level, and percentiles were estimated or bootstrapped nonparametrically when the data were not normally distributed. The serum biochemical reference ranges determined for lambs are strongly divergent from those established by one of the most cited books on the topic, especially considering the high serum urea and cholesterol concentrations and low levels of blood glucose observed. Therefore, the serum biochemical reference ranges for lambs from birth to 1 year of age in the tropics differ from international data, which consider adult sheep in temperate climate zones.

-Nutrient intake and digestibility and productive performance of 30 feedlot young bulls fed diets containing babassu mesocarp bran in replacement of corn were evaluated. Animals were distributed in a completely randomized design with five levels of replacement of corn by babassu mesocarp bran (BMB): 0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 g/kg of dry matter, and six replications. The dry matter (DM) intake in kg/day, g/kg body weight (BW) and g/kgBW 0.75 increased as the corn was replaced by BMB. The intake of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein (CP) increased linearly, whereas the intake of non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) had quadratic behavior. The digestibility of DM, CP, NDF and NFC and the total digestible nutrients (TDN) showed quadratic behavior with points of minimum digestibility of 850.0, 638.0, 867.0, 638.0 and 833.0 g/kg dry matter of replacement of corn by BMB, respectively. The final weight (476.82 kg) and average daily gain (1.55 kg/day) were not affected by experimental diets. The feed efficiencies of DM and CP decreased with increase in the levels of BMB, but the feed efficiency of TDN was not changed. Babassu mesocarp bran enables satisfactory performance, and depending on the price and opportunity cost, it can be utilized in the feeding of feedlot cattle totally replacing the corn of the diet.

6RESUMO -Objetivou-se com o experimento demonstrar a composição bromatológica e avaliar a cinética de fermentação e degradabilidade ruminal efetiva in vitro, por meio da técnica "Hohenheim Gas Test", da farinha do mesocarpo do babaçu I ® e II ® (FMBI e FMBII) e de rações com diferentes níveis de inclusão. Foram conduzidos dois ensaios: um com os subprodutos puros e milho e outro com rações com inclusões da FMBI e FMBII nas seguintes proporções: 0; 7,5; 15,0 e 22,5% da matéria seca total. O delineamento foi o de blocos casualizados sendo seis blocos no primeiro e cinco no segundo ensaio. Os tempos de mensuração dos gases produzidos foram 3; 6; 9; 12; 24; 48; 72 e 96 horas. As farinhas FMBI e FMBII apresentaram composições bromatológicas diferentes, em relação aos constituintes da fibra (FDN, FDA e Lignina). As farinhas FMBI e FMBII apresentaram padrões de cinética de fermentação inferiores aos padrões de fermentação do milho grão. Com o aumento da proporção de FMBI e FMBII na ração, reduz-se a produção de gases por tempo de incubação. Em virtude do exposto, pode-se afirmar que as farinhas do mesocarpo I e II, apesar de serem fontes de amido, não apresentaram fermentação ruminal semelhante à fonte amilácea padrão, o grão de milho. Palavras-chave:Alimentação. Orbignya martiana. Produção de gases. Ruminantes. Subprodutos. ABSTRACT -The objective of the experiment was to demonstrate the bromatological composition, and evaluate the fermentation kinetics and effective ruminal degradability in vitro, using the "Hohenheim Gas Test" technique, of babassu mesocarp flour I ® and II ® (FMBI and FMBII) and of feeds at different levels of inclusion. Two trials were carried out: one of pure byproducts and corn, and another of feeds with inclusions of FMBI and FMBII in the following proportions: 0, 7.5, 15.0 and 22.5% of the total dry matter. The experimental design was of randomized blocks, with six blocks in the first trial and five in the second. Measurement times for the gases produced were 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The FMBI and FMBII flours showed different bromatological composition for the fibre components (FDN, FDA and Lignin). The FMBI and FMBII flours also showed patterns for fermentation kinetics inferior to the fermentation patterns of corn grain. Increasing the ratio of FMBI and FMBII in the feed reduces gas production for time of incubation. In view of the above, it can be said that mesocarp flours I and II, despite being sources of starch, did not present ruminal fermentation similar to corn grain, the standard source of starch.