Propagação in vitro e avaliação de parâmetros morfofisiológicos de porta-enxertos de videira

Abstract

Resumo -A micropropagação de genótipos selecionados pode contribuir para atender a demanda de plantas matrizes e mudas de qualidade genética e sanitária comprovadas de videira (Vitis spp.) no Estado de Santa Catarina. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer e multiplicar in vitro porta-enxertos de videira e avaliar parâmetros morfofisiológicos fundamentais à micropropagação e aclimatização. Os porta-enxertos VR043-43, VR039-16, Paulsen 1103, R110, SO4 e Kober 5BB foram estabelecidos e multiplicados in vitro pelo método de gemas axilares em meio de cultura DSD1. Quarenta e dois por cento dos explantes foram estabelecidos in vitro. Houve variabilidade de crescimento, área foliar e matéria seca entre os genótipos. O porta-enxerto Paulsen 1103 foi numericamente superior aos demais no desenvolvimento in vitro em comprimento de caule (6,2 cm), produção de biomassa (34,8 mg) e área foliar (18,1 cm 2 ) in vitro. O teor de clorofila total variou entre os porta-enxertos e o ambiente de cultura, com 0,7 e 2,8 mg/g de matéria fresca do R110 (in vitro) e VR043-43 (ex vitro), respectivamente. A maior (216,4/mm 2 ) e a menor (119,2/mm 2 ) densidade estomática foram apresentadas pelo VR039-16 in vitro e pelo SO4 ex vitro, respectivamente. A taxa de sobrevivência de plantas na aclimatização foi em média 90,3±1,1% por genótipo. Os porta-enxertos de videira avaliados apresentaram características morfofisiológicas apropriadas para a propagação in vitro e a transferência ex vitro.Termos para indexação: Vitis, micropropagação, biomassa, estômatos, clorofila. In vitro propagation and evaluation of morphophysiologic parameters of grapevine rootstocksAbstract -Micropropagation of selected genotypes can be valuable to achieve demand for elite plants with genetic fidelity and high sanitary quality of grapevine (Vitis spp.) in Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The objective of this work was to propagate grapevine rootstocks in vitro and to evaluate important morphophysiologic parameters for the plants micropropagation and acclimatization. Axillary buds of the rootstocks grapevine VR043-43, VR039-16, Paulsen 1103, R110, SO4 and Kober 5BB were inoculated in DSD1 culture medium. Rates of 42% of explants were established in vitro. There was variation in growth, leaf area and dry weight among the genotypes. Paulsen 1103 revealed superior features in vitro for length of the stem (6.2 cm), biomass production (34.8 mg) and leaf area (18.1 cm 2 ). The chlorophyll content showed variation among the rootstocks and the environment of the culture, ranging from 0.7 to 2.8 mg/g in fresh weight for R110 (in vitro) and VR043-43 (ex vitro), respectively. The highest (216.4/mm 2 ) and the lowest (119.2/mm 2 ) stomata number were shown by VR039-16 cultivated in vitro and by SO4 ex vitro, respectively. In the acclimatization stage, the mean of planting stock survival rate was 90.3±1.1% per genotype. The evaluated grapevine rootstocks present morphophysiologic parameters appropriated to in vitro propagation and ex vitro transference.

<i>In Vitro</i> Propagation of Grapevine Cultivars with Potential for South of Brazil

“…When comparing MS [22] and Roubelakis' formulations in micropropagation of 15 vine cultivars, Roubelakis-Angelakis and Zivanovitc [13] noted better development and greater formation of primary roots per culture with materials cultivated in Roubelakis' environment. Results were similar to those found by Borghezan et al [23], who obtained, after 60 days of in vitro vine rootstocks cultivation, the greatest value of root length from 9.0 cm to 10.5 cm.…”

“…Values were higher than those related by Borghezan et al [23] with SO4 and Paulsen 1103 vine rootstocks, which after 60 days of in vitro cultivation in DSD1 formula showed 34.8 mg and 35.6 mg dry mass accumulation, respectively.…”

“…Similarly, Borghezan et al [23] observed that acclimatized plants from VR043-43, VR039-16 and Paulsen 1103 vine rootstocks showed lower chlorophyll content in relation to in vitro plants; authors have highlighted those plants are in an adjustment process to new environment conditions. After 60 days of acclimatization, the accumulation of dry biomass was bigger for Poloskei Muskotaly plants cultivated in vitro in Roubelakis, ZL and C2D formulas in relation to DSD1 and Galzy.…”

“…Although not the best formula for root dry mass variable, Poloskei Muskotaly cultivated with DSD1 is between the limits of 2.7 mg and 7.6 mg of dry root as defined by Borghezan et al [23] who evaluated six vine rootstocks in DSD1 formula.…”

Proline levels, oxidative metabolism and photosynthetic pigments during in vitro growth and acclimatization of Pitcairnia encholirioides L.B. Sm. (Bromeliaceae)

“…Faisal and Anis (2009), working with Rauvolfia tetraphylla found increases in chlorophylls a and b in young leaves developed after acclimatization. Borghezan et al (2003), studying some genotypes of grapevine (Vitis spp. ), observed in two of them a higher total chlorophylls content in plantlets from in vitro tissues than from acclimatized plantlets.…”