-Through in vitro tissue culture techniques it is possible to propagate high quality nursery plants faster. Cryotherapy is a promising tool, based on in vitro culture techniques, for achieving in a short time, high frequency of regenerating plants free of viruses. The objective of this review is to present and analyze the results of research conducted in cryotherapy methods based on cryopreservation protocols for recovery of cultivars free of micro-organisms with potential agronomic interest. The main methods employed in cryotherapy are encapsulation-dehydration, vitrification, encapsulation-vitrification and droplet vitrification, which are based on the immersion of preconditioned shoot tips in liquid nitrogen, followed by their recovery in vitro on to culture media for regeneration of healthy plantlets. Improvements to cryotherapy protocols used for grapevine are still needed, since there are variations in response according to the genotype. The published research mostly relates to Vitis vinifera and the few studies applied to other species show that the protocols need to be improved. This specificity goes beyond species, with different responses among cultivars, limiting the broader application of the technology. On the other hand, traditional methods used for virus removal from infected plant materials also have limitations and therefore investment in research for the development and application of cryopreservation techniques is highly justified, considering its efficiency and low-cost, once the protocols are developed. High frequency of virus-free plants among regenerants within a short time frame is the most desirable aspect of cryotherapy. Therefore, these advantages make the technique a promising tool for institutions mandated to the development of high-health planting materials with high genetic and agronomic potential for viticulture. Index Terms: Vitis, encapsulation-dehydration, encapsulation-vitrification, vitrification, droplet-vitrification, plant disease. CRIOTERAPIA: UMA NOVA TÉCNICA PARA OBTENÇÃO DE PLANTAS DE VIDEIRA LIVRES DE VIROSESRESUMO -Por meio de técnicas de cultura de tecidos in vitro é possível propagar plantas matrizes de alta qualidade, mais rápido. A crioterapia é uma ferramenta promissora, baseada em técnicas de cultura in vitro para obtenção em curto espaço de tempo de alta frequência de plantas regenerantes livres de viroses. O objetivo desta revisão é apresentar e analisar os resultados de pesquisas realizadas em métodos de crioterapia, baseados em protocolos de criopreservação, para recuperação de cultivares de videiras livres de microorganismos e com potencial de interesse agronômico. Os principais métodos utilizados para crioterapia são encapsulamento-desidratação, encapsulamento-vitrificação, vitrificação e vitrificação de gota, os quais se fundamentam na imersão de ápices meristemáticos pré-condicionados em nitrogênio líquido, seguido por sua recuperação in vitro em meios de cultura para regeneração de plântulas saudáveis. Melhorias para protocolos de crioterapia ...
The micropropation is an important biotechnological tool for obtaining and maintaining mother vine plants with high quality plant health. The objective was to evaluate the establishment and multiplication in vitro and ex vitro acclimatization of grape genotypes with potential for Southern Brazil. Vine nodal segments were cultured in five culture medium formulations without adding growth regulators. It was evaluated the number of leaves and roots, length of roots and shoots, replication rate, relative chlorophyll index, percentage of regenerated and rooted plants, dry biomass of shoot, root and total plants grown in vitro and after acclimatization. In vitro propagation of IAC 571-6 rootstock and cv. Poloskei Muskotaly through nodal segments provided high rates of regeneration and rooting. High survival rates were obtained in the acclimatization of IAC 571-6 and Pölöskei Muskotaly. Considering all the variables, the culture medium Roubelakis showed the best growth rates and development for shoots and roots, and in vitro multiplication rate for IAC 571-6 and Poloskei Muskotaly grape varieties.
RESUMO -Neste estudo, objetivou-se determinar os efeitos da aplicação exógena de ABA e ETEFOM sobre a maturação e a qualidade de uvas Cabernet Sauvignon. O presente trabalho foi realizado em um vinhedo, localizado na Estação Experimental da Epagri de Videira -SC, durante a safra de 2009/2010. Foram utilizadas as doses de 0; 20 e 40g i.a. 100L -1 de ácido abscísico (ABA) e 0; 136,8 e 273,6g i.a. 100L -1 de ETEFOM, configurando um experimento fatorial 3x3. Os tratamentos foram aplicados no início da mudança de cor das bagas "veraison". As variáveis analisadas nas uvas foram teor de antocianinas, polifenóis totais, índice CIRG (índice de cor para uvas tintas), atividade antioxidante, sólidos solúveis totais (ºBrix) e acidez total titulável. Os resultados indicam melhoria na qualidade das uvas com o uso das combinações de ABA e ETEFOM, aumento do índice CIRG, polifenóis totais, antocianinas e açúcares. Termos para indexação: Vitis vinifera L., reguladores de crescimento, coloração das bagas, antocianinas, polifenóis totais. ABSCISIC ACID AND ETEFOM: INFLUENCE ON THE MATURITY AND QUALITY OF CABERNET SAUVIGNON GRAPESABSTRACT -This study aimed to determine the effects of exogenous application of ABA and ETEFOM on the maturation and quality of Cabernet Sauvignon. This study was performed in a vineyard, located at INTRODUÇÃOA vitivinicultura brasileira vem evoluindo nos últimos anos em busca de novas tecnologias que introduzam melhorias na qualidade do vinho, tornando-o competitivo no cenário internacional. Inúmeras são as dificuldades brasileiras na produção de vinhos de qualidade, principalmente as relacionadas com fatores ambientais, tais como solo e clima. Na maioria dos anos, a alta incidência de chuvas e a baixa amplitude térmica durante a maturação das uvas fazem com que elas não alcancem índices ótimos de maturação.A Epagri de Videira difundiu aos agricultores da região um sistema que usa cobertura plástica para a proteção da parreira contra a umidade excessiva na folha, proporcionada pela alta precipitação. A diminuição da umidade nas folhas promove a diminuição do aparecimento de doenças fúngicas; no entanto, os agricultores têm percebido a diminuição na coloração de uvas tintas com o uso de cobertura plástica.O uso de reguladores de crescimento na maturação das uvas vem sendo empregado em vários países. Alguns estudos demonstram que aplicações externas de ABA (ácido abscísico) e ETEFOM (áci-
Like many other species of trees native to the Brazilian Mata Atlântica (Atlantic Forest), the Myrtaceae, such as the Red Araza (Psidium cattleianum Sabine), are widely cited as arbuscular mycorrhizal formers. Nevertheless, recent studies show evidence that Myrtaceae from different tropical, subtropical and neotropical ecosystems can also prompt the formation of ectomycorrhizae, indicating that this species' ectomycorrhizal status should be further explored. Because of this, this research effort studied the in vitro interaction between the Red Araza and two ectomycorrhizal fungi isolates, belonging to the Pisolithus microcarpus (D17) and Scleroderma citrinum (UFSC-Sc133) species. An analysis was performed to determine the formation of ectomycorrhizal structures, or lack thereof, and the developmental differences between the in vitro mycorrhized and non-mycorrhized plants. The analysis proved that indeed an ectomycorrhizal association was developed between the Red Araza, and the D17 and UFSC-Sc133 isolates, a fact never before registered in the existing literature. After an in vitro period of 110 days, it was confirmed that the D17 and UFSC-Sc133 isolates formed mycorrhizal colonization of 91.6% and 15.7%, respectively. Furthermore, both isolates also promoted root thickening, and the formation of a fungal mantle and a Hartig net. However, when compared to the Control plants, the fungal isolates did not contribute to an increase in the development of the subject plants, possibly due to the specific experimental conditions used, such as a high humidity environment and high availability of nutrients in the symbiotic substrate.
RESUMO -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de concentrações de ácido indol-3-butírico (AIB) na estaquia lenhosa de cultivares de porta-enxertos de videira promissores para o Sul do Brasil. Material vegetal de porta-enxertos de videira foi coletado de plantas-matrizes pertencentes à coleção da Estação Experimental da EPAGRI, no município de Videira -SC. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação no período de julho a outubro de 2013. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 20 tratamentos, dispostos em esquema fatorial 4x5, formado por quatro porta-enxertos (VR043-43, Dogridge, Richter 99 e EEV793-5) e cinco concentrações de AIB (0; 1.000; 2.000; 3.000 e 4.000 mg L -1 ). Após 60 dias, foram avaliados a porcentagem de enraizamento, o número, o comprimento e a matéria fresca de raízes das estacas. A aplicação de AIB aumentou a porcentagem de enraizamento, o número, o comprimento e a massa fresca de raízes para todos os porta-enxertos utilizados. O porta-enxerto VR043-43 apresentou melhor desenvolvimento radicular que os demais porta-enxertos estudados. Para a propagação das quatro cultivares de porta-enxertos de videira avaliados via estaquia lenhosa, recomenda-se a aplicação de AIB na concentração de 1.000 mg L -1 . Termos para indexação: viticultura, ácido indol-3-butírico, propagação. ROOTING OF HARDWOOD CUTTINGS OF PROMISING GRAPEVINE ROOTSTOCKS FOR REGIONS WITH HISTORY OF PLANTS' DEATHABSTRACT -The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in hardwood cuttings of promising grapevine rootstocks for southern Brazil. Plant material was collected from selected plants from the grapevine rootstock collection of EPAGRI Experimental Station, in the city of Videira -SC . The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse during the period from July to October 2013. The experimental design was completely randomized with 20 treatments arranged in a 4x5 factorial scheme, consisting of four rootstocks ( VR043-43, Dogridge, Richter 99 and EEV793-5 ) and five IBA concentrations ( 0 , 1.000 , 2.000, 3.000 and 4.000 mg L -1 ). After 60 days, it was evaluated the rooting percentage, the number, length and the fresh weight of the roots. The use of IBA increased rooting percentage, number, length and fresh weight of roots for all rootstocks. The rootstock VR043-43 showed better root development than the other rootstocks studied. To propagate the four cultivars of grapevine rootstocks evaluated via hardwood cuttings it is recommended the use of IBA at 1000 mg L -1 .
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