Background:Many fruits have been used as nutraceuticals because the presence of bioactive molecules that play biological activities.Objective:The present study was designed to compare the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of methanolic extracts of Lycium barbarum (GOJI), Vaccinium macrocarpon (CRAN) and Vaccinium myrtillus (BLUE).Materials and Methods:Mices were treated with extracts (50 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.), twice a day through 10 days. Phytochemical analysis was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Antioxidant activity was determine by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, reducing power, lipid peroxidation thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) activity. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by paw edema followed by determination of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and TBARS.Results:High amount of phenolic compounds, including rutin, were identified in all berries extracts. However, quercetin was observed only in BLUE and CRAN. GOJI presents higher scavenging activity of DPPH radical and reducing power than BLUE and CRAN. The extracts improved antioxidant status in liver; BLUE showed the largest reduction (75.3%) in TBARS when compared to CRAN (70.7%) and GOJI (65.3%). Nonetheless, CAT activity was lower in BLUE group. However, hepatic concentrations of GSH were higher in animals treated with GOJI rather than CRAN and BLUE. Despite all fruits caused a remarkable reduction in paw edema and TBARS, only BLUE and CRAN were able to reduce MPO.Conclusion:These results suggest that quercetin, rutin, or other phenolic compound found in these berry fruits extracts could produce an anti-inflammatory response based on modulation of oxidative stress in paw edema model.SUMMARY Within fruits broadly consumed because of its nutraceuticals properties include, Lycium barbarum (Goji berry), Vaccinium myrtillus (Blueberry or Bilberry) and Vaccinium macrocarpon (Cranberry)The objectives of this study were the investigation and comparison of chemical composition, antioxidant activity “in vitro” and “in vivo” and anti inflammatory property of berry fruits bought dry form.In summary, two main findings can be addressed with this study: (1) Berry fruits presented antioxidant and anti inflammatory activities “in vitro” and “in vivo”; (2) the extracts of GOJI, CRAN, and BLUE modulate the inflammatory process by different mechanisms.
Like many other species of trees native to the Brazilian Mata Atlântica (Atlantic Forest), the Myrtaceae, such as the Red Araza (Psidium cattleianum Sabine), are widely cited as arbuscular mycorrhizal formers. Nevertheless, recent studies show evidence that Myrtaceae from different tropical, subtropical and neotropical ecosystems can also prompt the formation of ectomycorrhizae, indicating that this species' ectomycorrhizal status should be further explored. Because of this, this research effort studied the in vitro interaction between the Red Araza and two ectomycorrhizal fungi isolates, belonging to the Pisolithus microcarpus (D17) and Scleroderma citrinum (UFSC-Sc133) species. An analysis was performed to determine the formation of ectomycorrhizal structures, or lack thereof, and the developmental differences between the in vitro mycorrhized and non-mycorrhized plants. The analysis proved that indeed an ectomycorrhizal association was developed between the Red Araza, and the D17 and UFSC-Sc133 isolates, a fact never before registered in the existing literature. After an in vitro period of 110 days, it was confirmed that the D17 and UFSC-Sc133 isolates formed mycorrhizal colonization of 91.6% and 15.7%, respectively. Furthermore, both isolates also promoted root thickening, and the formation of a fungal mantle and a Hartig net. However, when compared to the Control plants, the fungal isolates did not contribute to an increase in the development of the subject plants, possibly due to the specific experimental conditions used, such as a high humidity environment and high availability of nutrients in the symbiotic substrate.
Red Araza, or Red Strawberry Guava (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) is a native Brazilian Atlantic Forest species of the Myrtaceae family, whose seeds exhibit integumental dormancy. Due to its importance to different industries worldwide, recent research efforts are seeking to expand this species' micropropagation processes using in vitro seedling germination, especially since in vitro micropropagation of adult plant material has, so far, been limited. This research effort evaluated different methods of overcoming integumental dormancy during in vitro germination of the Red Araza, so as to allow future micropropagation of the species. The seeds' emergence and vigor were evaluated based on mechanical and acid scarification, using different substrates and immersions in solutions with different levels of gibberellic acid (GA 3 ), and on the influence of the pre-immersion of seeds in water and sulfuric acid. The mechanical and acid scarification of the seeds, combined or separate, resulted in higher in vitro germination percentages and a higher germination rate index (GRI). Pre-immersion in distilled water (20 hours) also proved to be efficient for the germination of the Red Araza seed, with 76.2% of the seeds germinating and a higher speed of emergence (GRI = 0.18). When compared to a Murashige and Skoog (MS-zero) medium, sowing in a hydrophilic cotton substrate showed greater emergence and vigor, with approximately 70% of the seeds germinating. Treating the seeds by pre-immersing them in GA 3 turned out to be unnecessary. The methods used for overcoming integumental dormancy during in vitro germination of Red Araza seeds proved to be efficient, and could be used to develop micropropagation protocols of seminal origin for this species.
Background The preventive role of muscular strength on diminishing neuroinflammation is yet unknown. In this study, the role of the prophylactic muscular strength exercise was investigated in order to verify whether it would diminish cognitive alterations and modify the antioxidant intracellular scenery in an animal neuroinflammatory model in of the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Methods The animals received muscular strength training (SE) three times a week for eight weeks. Subsequently, the stereotaxic surgery was performed with an intra-hippocampal infusion of either saline solution (SAL) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Next, we performed the behavioral tests: object recognition and social recognition. Then, the animals were euthanized, and their hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were collected. In another moment, we performed the dosage of the antioxidant activity and histological analysis. Results The results showed that the muscular strength exercises could show a beneficial prophylactic effect in the cognitive deficiencies caused by acute neuroinflammation. Regarding oxidative stress, there was an increase in catalase enzyme activity (CAT) in the group (SE + LPS) compared to the control groups (p < 0.05). As for the cognitive alterations, there were found in the (SE + LPS) group, diminishing the mnemonic hazard of the discriminative and social memories compared to the control groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion We concluded, therefore, that the exercise performed prophylactically presents a protective effect capable of minimizing such mnemonic deficits and increasing catalase enzyme activity in rats that suffered a local neuroinflammatory process in the hippocampus.
Red Araçá's (Psidium cattleianum) micropropagation processes have shown enormous potential both in terms of research and as a sustainable native resource to be used in the areas of food production, ecology, and pharmacology. Currently, however, despite that potential, research efforts involving this myrtaceae, native to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, have been scarce. With that in mind, this study set out to establish micropropagation techniques that would allow the development of a feasible protocol to be used with Red Araçá, achieving its mircropropagation from in vitro germinated seeds. Different types of explants were tested for in vitro establishment. For the multiplication of nodal segments, different concentrations of BAP and IAA combinations were tested in an MS medium. Using the same medium, different concentrations of ampicillin were applied in order to determine its influence on the decontamination of the apical segments. The BAP and IAA combinations were also used to test their effects on the in vitro explants' development and rooting. During pre-acclimatization, survival of in vitro rooted plants was tested in a nebulizer chamber, using a commercial substrate and that same substrate mixed with washed sand (1:1). In essence, it was indeed possible to develop a complete protocol for the micropropagation of the Red Araçá from seedlings obtained by in vitro germination. The in vitro introduction of the Red Araçá was rather efficient, independently of the type of explants used. As the BAP and IAA concentrations increased, so did the in vitro seedlings' development (7 leaves explant -1 ) and rooting (67%). Additionally, the in vitro rooted plants exhibited a high rate of survival (80%) in the pre-acclimatization phase, independently of the substrate used.
In vitro propagation of plants makes it possible to accelerate the process of plant multiplication, the study of secondary metabolite production and the cultivation of biotrophic fungi. The objective of this work was to study the combination of indoleacetic acid (IAA) and benzylaminopurine (BAP) and explant sizes in in vitro multiplication of M. sylvestris. Five concentrations of BAP (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg L-1) and two of IAA (0 and 0.5 mg L-1) were used in explants of 4 to 9 mm and of 14 to 23 mm. Contaminated explants, oxidation, establishment, relative growth rate (RGR), sprouting, rooting and callus formation were evaluated. There was no interaction effect between BAP and IAA concentrations. At 28 days, explants were established at 32.76% and callus formation was 62.5% for explants associated with 0.0 mg L-1 of IAA. There was 32.14% establishment and 63.79% callus formation at 0.5 mg L-1 of IAA. Bacterial contamination at 28 days was 60.53%, twice as much the amount found at 14 days, suggesting that the explants presented endogenous contamination. It was found that explant size influences the subsequent meristematic development. The use of smaller explants (4 to 9 mm) allowed greater formation of calli and larger explants (14 to 23 mm) allowed greater formation of shoots. In conclusion, larger explants are preferable for production of M. sylvestris in vitro by organogenesis while smaller ones are preferable for embryogenesis.
Dados epidemiológicos indicam que mais de 2,1 bilhões de pessoas no mundo apresentam sobrepeso (NRDP, 2017) e, dentre elas, mais de um bilhão estão obesas (OMS, 2022). Além disso, existem estimativas crescentes e preocupantes sobre esses dados (OMS, 2022), pois a obesidade está diretamente relacionada com o desenvolvimento de diversas patologias, principalmente as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, tais como diabetes tipo II, doenças cardiovasculares, hipertensão,
As tireopatias são distúrbios endócrinos altamente prevalentes na população brasileira e mundial e impactam de forma significativa na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Há poucos dados epidemiológicos sobre as tireopatias no Brasil, incluindo a região sul, o que dificulta a execução de medidas públicas para o diagnóstico e o tratamento dessas patologias. Assim, este estudo objetivou avaliar os aspectos epidemiológicos de um Ambulatório de Endocrinologia do Meio-Oeste Catarinense. Foram analisados 151 prontuários de pacientes portadores de doenças da tireoide, avaliando tais patologias, sexo, idade, peso, altura, Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), valores de TSH e T4, além de patologias associadas. Dos 151 prontuários analisados, 124 correspondiam ao sexo feminino (82,12%) e 27 ao sexo masculino (17,88%). A mediana de idade das mulheres foi de 52 anos e dos homens 40 anos. Apenas 8 (32%) homens e 28 (22,95%) mulheres estavam em eutrofia, segundo o IMC (≥18,5 até 24,9kg/m2). O IMC médio das mulheres atendidas no ambulatório foi de 30,65 ± 7,68 kg/m2, valor significativamente superior ao observado para os homens, com 24,11 ± 6,07 kg/m2. Quanto às patologias tireoidianas, 62,96% dos homens (n=17) apresentaram hipotireoidismo, comparado à 71,77% das mulheres (n=89). Já, em relação ao hipertireoidismo, 22,22% dos homens (n=6) possuíam, enquanto nas mulheres a prevalência foi 20,97% (n=26). Os pacientes que apresentavam hipo ou hipertireoidismo apresentaram alta prevalência de associação com hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes tipo II. Este estudo revelou altas taxas de hipotireoidismo, principalmente em mulheres, associadas ao sobrepeso e à obesidade. Os dados apresentados aqui são inéditos para o Ambulatório e para a região, caracterizando um perfil epidemiológico básico que poderá ser utilizado para a tomada de ações em saúde pública.
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