Frequent applications of copper (Cu)-based fungicides on vines causes the accumulation of this metal in vineyard soils, which can cause toxicity in young vines. However, liming may reduce these toxic effects. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Cu toxicity on the root anatomy of young vines and the alleviation of Cu toxicity by lime applications to contaminated sandy soil. The treatments consisted of the addition of lime (0.0, 1.5 and 3.0 Mg ha(-1)) and two Cu concentrations (0 and 50 mg kg(-1)) to Typic Hapludalf soil. Young vines 'Niágara Branca' (Vitis labrusca L.) were obtained by micropropagation and cultivated for 70 days. The young vines grown with Cu and without liming presented a disorganized root structure; reduced root cap size; increased diameter (47%), cortex area (128%), vascular cylinder area (93%), and number of cortical layers and cells containing phenolic compounds (132%); and reduced root (41%), stem (44%) and leaf dry mass (21%) and height increase (55%). Moreover, Cu exposure reduced Ca concentrations (13%) and increased Cu concentrations (371%) in the roots. Liming, primarily with the highest tested dose, increased the soil pH (from 4.4 to 5.4-6.1), decreased the Cu concentration in the soil (extracted by CaCl2), increased the calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) uptake by plants, prevented root anatomical changes and benefited young vine growth in soil with higher Cu concentrations.

Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento vegetativo e produtivo das variedades de videira Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot e Sauvignon Blanc, e a composição da uva em São Joaquim, Santa Catarina.

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Resumo -A micropropagação de genótipos selecionados pode contribuir para atender a demanda de plantas matrizes e mudas de qualidade genética e sanitária comprovadas de videira (Vitis spp.) no Estado de Santa Catarina. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer e multiplicar in vitro porta-enxertos de videira e avaliar parâmetros morfofisiológicos fundamentais à micropropagação e aclimatização. Os porta-enxertos VR043-43, VR039-16, Paulsen 1103, R110, SO4 e Kober 5BB foram estabelecidos e multiplicados in vitro pelo método de gemas axilares em meio de cultura DSD1. Quarenta e dois por cento dos explantes foram estabelecidos in vitro. Houve variabilidade de crescimento, área foliar e matéria seca entre os genótipos. O porta-enxerto Paulsen 1103 foi numericamente superior aos demais no desenvolvimento in vitro em comprimento de caule (6,2 cm), produção de biomassa (34,8 mg) e área foliar (18,1 cm 2 ) in vitro. O teor de clorofila total variou entre os porta-enxertos e o ambiente de cultura, com 0,7 e 2,8 mg/g de matéria fresca do R110 (in vitro) e VR043-43 (ex vitro), respectivamente. A maior (216,4/mm 2 ) e a menor (119,2/mm 2 ) densidade estomática foram apresentadas pelo VR039-16 in vitro e pelo SO4 ex vitro, respectivamente. A taxa de sobrevivência de plantas na aclimatização foi em média 90,3±1,1% por genótipo. Os porta-enxertos de videira avaliados apresentaram características morfofisiológicas apropriadas para a propagação in vitro e a transferência ex vitro.Termos para indexação: Vitis, micropropagação, biomassa, estômatos, clorofila. In vitro propagation and evaluation of morphophysiologic parameters of grapevine rootstocksAbstract -Micropropagation of selected genotypes can be valuable to achieve demand for elite plants with genetic fidelity and high sanitary quality of grapevine (Vitis spp.) in Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The objective of this work was to propagate grapevine rootstocks in vitro and to evaluate important morphophysiologic parameters for the plants micropropagation and acclimatization. Axillary buds of the rootstocks grapevine VR043-43, VR039-16, Paulsen 1103, R110, SO4 and Kober 5BB were inoculated in DSD1 culture medium. Rates of 42% of explants were established in vitro. There was variation in growth, leaf area and dry weight among the genotypes. Paulsen 1103 revealed superior features in vitro for length of the stem (6.2 cm), biomass production (34.8 mg) and leaf area (18.1 cm 2 ). The chlorophyll content showed variation among the rootstocks and the environment of the culture, ranging from 0.7 to 2.8 mg/g in fresh weight for R110 (in vitro) and VR043-43 (ex vitro), respectively. The highest (216.4/mm 2 ) and the lowest (119.2/mm 2 ) stomata number were shown by VR039-16 cultivated in vitro and by SO4 ex vitro, respectively. In the acclimatization stage, the mean of planting stock survival rate was 90.3±1.1% per genotype. The evaluated grapevine rootstocks present morphophysiologic parameters appropriated to in vitro propagation and ex vitro transference.

In Brazil winemaking is expanding not only in the renewal of vineyards in traditional production areas, but also in the introduction of new crops in the newer winemaking regions. Promising characteristics were observed in the quality of the grapes and wines produced in altitude regions of Santa Catarina. The aim of this study is to characterize the geographic and climatic conditions which affect the phenology and vegetative growth of grapevine in São Joaquim, in the mountains region of Santa Catarina. The vineyards are located in areas with undulated and strongly undulated relief, predominantly in soils originating from basaltic rocks, in climate conditions classified as Cfb according to the Köppen, as Region I according to Winkler classification. The phenological stage of the grapevines in the São Joaquim region begins later and lasts longer in comparison to other winegrowing regions in Brazil. Decrease in photoperiod and low temperatures (<10˚C) were the determining factors for the induction of growth cessation of the shoots in São Joaquim. The geographic location in a lower latitude and its high altitude results in a distinct growing climate compared to the other winegrowing regions in Brazil.