BackgroundThe economic importance of grapevine has driven significant efforts in genomics to accelerate the exploitation of Vitis resources for development of new cultivars. However, although a large number of clonally propagated accessions are maintained in grape germplasm collections worldwide, their use for crop improvement is limited by the scarcity of information on genetic diversity, population structure and proper phenotypic assessment. The identification of representative and manageable subset of accessions would facilitate access to the diversity available in large collections. A genome-wide germplasm characterization using molecular markers can offer reliable tools for adjusting the quality and representativeness of such core samples.ResultsWe investigated patterns of molecular diversity at 22 common microsatellite loci and 384 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 2273 accessions of domesticated grapevine V. vinifera ssp. sativa, its wild relative V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris, interspecific hybrid cultivars and rootstocks. Despite the large number of putative duplicates and extensive clonal relationships among the accessions, we observed high level of genetic variation. In the total germplasm collection the average genetic diversity, as quantified by the expected heterozygosity, was higher for SSR loci (0.81) than for SNPs (0.34). The analysis of the genetic structure in the grape germplasm collection revealed several levels of stratification. The primary division was between accessions of V. vinifera and non-vinifera, followed by the distinction between wild and domesticated grapevine. Intra-specific subgroups were detected within cultivated grapevine representing different eco-geographic groups. The comparison of a phenological core collection and genetic core collections showed that the latter retained more genetic diversity, while maintaining a similar phenotypic variability.ConclusionsThe comprehensive molecular characterization of our grape germplasm collection contributes to the knowledge about levels and distribution of genetic diversity in the existing resources of Vitis and provides insights into genetic subdivision within the European germplasm. Genotypic and phenotypic information compared in this study may efficiently guide further exploration of this diversity for facilitating its practical use.

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Resumo -A micropropagação de genótipos selecionados pode contribuir para atender a demanda de plantas matrizes e mudas de qualidade genética e sanitária comprovadas de videira (Vitis spp.) no Estado de Santa Catarina. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer e multiplicar in vitro porta-enxertos de videira e avaliar parâmetros morfofisiológicos fundamentais à micropropagação e aclimatização. Os porta-enxertos VR043-43, VR039-16, Paulsen 1103, R110, SO4 e Kober 5BB foram estabelecidos e multiplicados in vitro pelo método de gemas axilares em meio de cultura DSD1. Quarenta e dois por cento dos explantes foram estabelecidos in vitro. Houve variabilidade de crescimento, área foliar e matéria seca entre os genótipos. O porta-enxerto Paulsen 1103 foi numericamente superior aos demais no desenvolvimento in vitro em comprimento de caule (6,2 cm), produção de biomassa (34,8 mg) e área foliar (18,1 cm 2 ) in vitro. O teor de clorofila total variou entre os porta-enxertos e o ambiente de cultura, com 0,7 e 2,8 mg/g de matéria fresca do R110 (in vitro) e VR043-43 (ex vitro), respectivamente. A maior (216,4/mm 2 ) e a menor (119,2/mm 2 ) densidade estomática foram apresentadas pelo VR039-16 in vitro e pelo SO4 ex vitro, respectivamente. A taxa de sobrevivência de plantas na aclimatização foi em média 90,3±1,1% por genótipo. Os porta-enxertos de videira avaliados apresentaram características morfofisiológicas apropriadas para a propagação in vitro e a transferência ex vitro.Termos para indexação: Vitis, micropropagação, biomassa, estômatos, clorofila. In vitro propagation and evaluation of morphophysiologic parameters of grapevine rootstocksAbstract -Micropropagation of selected genotypes can be valuable to achieve demand for elite plants with genetic fidelity and high sanitary quality of grapevine (Vitis spp.) in Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The objective of this work was to propagate grapevine rootstocks in vitro and to evaluate important morphophysiologic parameters for the plants micropropagation and acclimatization. Axillary buds of the rootstocks grapevine VR043-43, VR039-16, Paulsen 1103, R110, SO4 and Kober 5BB were inoculated in DSD1 culture medium. Rates of 42% of explants were established in vitro. There was variation in growth, leaf area and dry weight among the genotypes. Paulsen 1103 revealed superior features in vitro for length of the stem (6.2 cm), biomass production (34.8 mg) and leaf area (18.1 cm 2 ). The chlorophyll content showed variation among the rootstocks and the environment of the culture, ranging from 0.7 to 2.8 mg/g in fresh weight for R110 (in vitro) and VR043-43 (ex vitro), respectively. The highest (216.4/mm 2 ) and the lowest (119.2/mm 2 ) stomata number were shown by VR039-16 cultivated in vitro and by SO4 ex vitro, respectively. In the acclimatization stage, the mean of planting stock survival rate was 90.3±1.1% per genotype. The evaluated grapevine rootstocks present morphophysiologic parameters appropriated to in vitro propagation and ex vitro transference.

Resumo: O presente artigo realiza o levantamento de demandas em relação ao perfil dos profissionais de Administração pelo mercado de trabalho, descreve tais características e analisa como os alunos do curso de Administração da UNESP/Tupã se encontram em relação a tais quesitos. Os pontos levantados demonstram interesses do mercado de trabalho não somente para conhecimentos de formação técnica-acadêmica, como também, conhecimentos e habilidades interpessoais e extracurriculares. Estes pontos foram identificados através de um estudo bibliográfico e da consulta a formulários de vagas de estágio e emprego do projeto de extensão Balcão de Estágios e Empregos, na UNESP/ Tupã. A partir da comparação entre estas fontes, foi possível identificar as principais competências procuradas pelas empresas no perfil de um administrador. Com caracterização do objeto de estudo foi possível realizar comparações em relação ao termo em que o aluno se encontrava no curso (3º, 5º e 7º semestres), tanto como em relação ao período (diurno e noturno), verificando se tais competências evoluíam com o passar do curso. O trabalho conclui também que não basta para os alunos de administração restringir sua formação apenas com os conhecimentos acadêmicos, sendo necessário para a formação de um perfil adequado, o desenvolvimento de atividades extracurriculares que incrementem competências como conhecimento de informática e idiomas. Constatações relevantes demonstraram que a formação dos alunos, e a forma como reagem às demandas, estão fortemente conectadas às exigências de mercado.Palavras-chave: Avaliação. UNESP. Curso de Administração. Discentes. Demandas de mercado. ARE ADMINISTRATION STUDENTS IN TUNE WITH THE JOB MARKET?ABSTRACT : This article provides a survey of the demands placed by the labor market in relation to the profile of business administration professionals. It describes the characteristics of such profile and analyzes how UNESP/Tupa´s administration students fare in relation to such questions. The points raised show that the labor market is interested not only in technical-academic knowledge but also in knowledge and interpersonal and extracurricular skills. These points were identified through studies of the pertinent literature study and based on consultation of apprenticeship and employment forms of UNESP/Tupa´s job extension project for Internships and Jobs. The comparison between these sources made it possible to identify the main skills sought by companies when searching for an administrator. With the characterization of the object of study it was possible to compare the stage level in which the student was placed (3rd , 5th and 7th semesters), in regard to both day and night shifts, verifying whether these skills evolved with the student´s trajectory through the program. The study also concludes that it is not enough for administration students to restrict their training to academic knowledge. An appropriate profile demands the development of extracurricular activities that enhance competencies such as computer skills and l...