Physical quality of a yellow latossol under integrated crop-livestock system

Abstract

SUMMARYSoil physical quality is essential to global sustainability of agroecosystems, once it is related to processes that are essential to agricultural crop development. This study aimed to evaluate physical attributes of a Yellow Latossol under different management systems in the savanna area in the state of Piaui. This study was developed in Uruçuí southwest of the state of Piauí. Three systems of soil management were studied: an area under conventional tillage (CT) with disk plowi and heavy harrow and soybean crop; an area under no-tillage with soybean-maize rotation and millet as cover crop (NT + M); two areas under Integrated CropLivestock System, with five-month pasture grazing and soybean cultivation and then continuous pasture grazing (ICL + S and ICL + P, respectively). Also, an area under Native Forest (NF) was studied. The soil depths studied were 0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m. Soil bulk density, as well as porosity and stability of soil aggregates were analyzed as physical attributes. Anthropic action has changed the soil physical attributes, in depth, in most systems studied, in comparison to NF. In the 0.00 to 0.05 m depth, ICL + P showed higher soil bulk density value. As to macroporosity, there was no difference between the management systems studied and NF. The management systems studied changed the soil structure, having, as a result, a small proportion of soil in great aggregate classes (MWD). Converting native forest into agricultural production systems changes the soil physical quality. The Integrated Crop-Livestock System did not promote the improvement in soil physical quality.Index terms: no-tillage system, soil compaction, animal trampling, pasture grazing.( Estudou-se, ainda, uma área sob Floresta Nativa de Cerrado (FN). As profundidades estudadas foram: 0,05, 0,10 e 0,20

Physical quality of an Oxisol under an integrated crop-livestock-forest system in the Brazilian Cerrado

“…Inda Júnior et al (2007 reported that grasses can have an important function in formation of large aggregates by cementing together of micro aggregates. A relatively low effect of animal grazing on aggregates (1.0-2.0, 0.5-1.0 and 0.21-0.50 mm) was also reported by Souza et al (2010) for an Oxisol under an integrated crop-livestock system. It is possible that the forces that hold particles together in small aggregates are higher than those for larger aggregates because of higher protection of organic matter in small size aggregates.…”

“…It is probable that the palisade height (30 and 45 cm) is sufficient to minimize the adverse effects of trampling by the cattle. Souza et al (2010) also did not observe any degradation in soil structure when the height of grazing of black oat (Avena nativa) + Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) was about 20 cm.…”

“…Assessment of soil physical properties has indicated that integrating crop-livestock systems increases bulk density (ρ b ) and decreases total porosity (ƒ t ) in the first grazing period (Araújo et al, 2010) but does not affect crop yield (Flores et al, 2007). Tracy & Zhang (2008) reported an increase in penetration resistance (PR) and higher corn yield in an integrated croplivestock system after 5 years of use compared to continuous corn.…”

Atributos físicos do solo e intervalo hídrico ótimo de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico sob controle de tráfego agrícola

“…Nos diferentes sistemas de manejo avaliados, verificou-se que todos os tratamentos Ciência Rural, v.41, n.9, set, 2011. apresentaram valores de macroporosidade do solo, em todas as profundidades e locais de coleta, inferiores ou próximos a 0,10m 3 m -3 (Tabela 1), concordando com relatado por ARAUJO et al (2010). Esse resultado evidencia o efeito do tráfego de máquinas pesadas nos tratos culturais e, principalmente, na colheita da canade-açúcar, confirmando os resultados obtidos por STRECK et al (2004).…”

Physical indicators after mechanical scarification in a Yellow Oxisol under no-tillage

“…Research carried out in areas of the Savana of Piauí showed that intense soil revolving with the combination of plowing and harrowing, as to create favorable physical conditions to the development of soybean roots, compromised the stability of aggregates and reduced WMD (Ibiapina et al, 2014;Araújo et al, 2010).…”