“…A series of limitations, such as the reduction in spore germination, extraradical mycelium development and sporulation of some AMF species, has been reported in the presence of excess heavy metals in the soil (Pawlowska & Charvat, 2004;Yang et al, 2015b). Cardoso, Navarro, and Nogueira (2002), working with Mn and in vitro germination of AMF spores, concluded that AMF spore germination was differently damaged between species and Mn 2+ doses. On the other hand, in soil contaminated by cadmium, Martins, R. Melloni, and E. G. P. Melloni (2017) reported different behavior between AMF species at the different doses of this element, thus demonstrating higher tolerance of some AMF to the excess of this metal.…”