El quintal y las frutas: recursos económicos y alimentares en la comunidad negra de Itacoã, Acará, Pará, Brasil

Abstract

RESUMENEn este estudio, se inventariaron 46 especies de especies fructíferas en la comunidad negra de Itacoã, Acará, Pará, situada a pocos kilómetros de la ciudad de Belem en el Estuario Amazónico. De igual manera se investigó las diversas actividades productivas desarrolladas por las familias y su relación con la generación de renta. Los principales métodos usados en el trabajo fueron las entrevistas y la visita a los quintales y otras áreas de producción de frutas (várzeas y purmas) para identificación y localización de las especies fructíferas. Existe alta diversidad de frutas en todo el territorio, especialmente en los quintales, con abundancia de especies de interés nutricional y/o comercial e importancia de la comercialización de esta producción como fuente de recursos económicos para las familias residentes. De hecho, para el 28% de las unidades familiares, la principal fuente de ingresos anuales es la venta de frutas regionales, a pesar de su marcada estacionalidad, con picos de fructificación durante el período más lluvioso del año. Por último, este estudio reafirma al quintal como modalidad de sistema agroforestal tradicional con bajo uso de insumos, alta diversidad de especies útiles y su múltiple funcionalidad: producción de frutas de origen extractivo, garantía de ingresos monetarios, seguridad alimentar y mantenimiento de relaciones de intercambio no monetario entre los comunitarios. PALABRAS-CLAVE:Sistemas agroforestales, Quintal, Frutas, Diversidad, Comercialización, Comunidad negra, Acará. The Home Garden and Fruits: Economic and Food Resources in the Black Community of Itacoã, Acará, Pará, Brazil ABSTRACTIn this study, 46 fruit-bearing species were inventoried in the black community of Itacoã, Acará (Pará, Brazil), a few kilometers from the city of Belém in the Amazon estuary. The various productive activities carried out by families and their relationship to income generation were also investigated. The main methods used were interviews and visits to home gardens and other fruit production areas (floodplain forests and fallows), in order to identify and locate the fruit-bearing species. The main findings were: a high fruit diversity throughout the community, especially in home gardens; an abundance of species of nutritional and/ or commercial interest; and the importance of the commercialization of this production as a source of economic resources for resident families. The main annual income source of 28% of family units is the sale of regional fruits, in spite of their strong seasonality, with fruiting and maturation peaks during the rainiest period of the year. Finally, this study reasserts the home garden as a type of traditional agroforestry with low input use, high diversity of food and commercial species and multiple functionality: extractive fruit production, cash income, food security and maintenance of non-cash exchange relationships among community members.

Agrobiodiversidade de quintais agroflorestais no município de Bonito, Pará

“…Pesquisas realizadas na Amazônia e em outras regiões do Brasil, no universo da agricultura familiar, também identificaram a ocorrência de espécies pertencentes à família Arecaceae de valor comercial e destinadas ao autoconsumo humano, em quintais agroflorestais (RONDON NETO et al, 2004;ROSA et al, 2007;AMARAL;GUARIM NETO, 2008;SEMEDO;BARBOSA, 2007;SCOLES, 2009;SIVIERO et al, 2011). Esta família botânica, portanto, exerce um papel importante no autoconsumo das famílias de agricultores, na produção de frutos e, por conseguinte, na geração de renda.…”

Use of the palm Euterpe edulismartius in landscape units managed by migrants of German origin in Southern Brazil

“…This finding differs from the results of other studies, some of which report an association of homegardens with the market [69,75,76]. The presence of palms is very frequent in homegardens and has been observed in studies conducted in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest in both quilombola communities and in urban communities [18,77], in urban communities in the Brazilian cerrado [78,79], in rural communities of the caatinga [69,72], in urban communities of the pantanal [75], in urban, rural, indigenous and Afro-descendant communities in the Amazon [57,73,74,76,80], where it is not always associated with markets.…”

How are legal matters related to the access of traditional knowledge being considered in the scope of ethnobotany publications in Brazil?

“…In terms of authorization by governmental bodies, there were requirements in four journals: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, Acta Amazônica, Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, and Ethnobiology and Conservation. Within Acta Amazônica guidelines, there is a specific item concerning legal and ethical aspects, which clarifies the organs that are suitable Anderson 1977Miller et al 1989Grandi et al 1989 Rodrigues 1998 Negrelle & Fornazzali, 2007;Ribeiro et al 2007;Rodrigues & Carvalho 2007;Souza 2007;Vieira et al 2007;Yuyama et al 2007;Calábria et al 2008;Cunha-Lima et al 2008;Melo et al 2008;Miranda & Hanazaki, 2008;Rufino et al 2008;Santos et al 2008;Silva & Proença 2008;Baldauf et al 2009;Borges & Peixoto 2009;Castro et al 2009;Eichemberg et al 2009;Fonseca-Kruel et al 2009;Jesus et al 2009;Lanini et al 2009;Leitão et al 2009;Marchese et al 2009;Oliveira & Trovão 2009;Pilla & Amorozo 2009;Pires et al 2009;Santos et al 2009;Scoles 2009;Ustulin et al 2009.…”