RESUMO -(Conhecimento e uso de recursos vegetais de restinga por comunidades das ilhas do Cardoso (SP) e de Santa Catarina (SC), Brasil). Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a etnobotânica de comunidades litorâneas em áreas de restinga, analisando o uso de recursos vegetais para fins alimentares, medicinais e manufatureiros, além de investigar a atual situação de dois grupos populacionais quanto ao conhecimento e uso dos recursos vegetais locais, comparando também as maneiras com que ambos os grupos (caiçaras e residentes de áreas de influência da colonização açoriana), com modos de vida semelhantes, mas de origem e localização geográfica distintas, utilizam os recursos naturais de que dispõem. O estudo foi realizado em cinco comunidades de duas regiões onde a vegetação de restinga arbórea está presente: a Ilha do Cardoso (SP) e a porção sul da Ilha de Santa Catarina (SC). Apesar de suas semelhanças quanto à sua localização em ambientes insulares com acesso à vegetação de restinga e ao seu modo de vida, existem padrões de uso de recursos distintos entre os grupos estudados. Concluiu-se também que os caiçaras da Ilha do Cardoso possuem uma identidade cultural mais evidente, além de um conhecimento acerca dos recursos vegetais mais diverso e associado à vegetação de restinga, situação distinta da encontrada entre os descendentes de açorianos da Ilha de Santa Catarina. Palavras-chave: Etnobotânica, Conhecimento local, Mata Atlântica, Caiçaras, AçorianosABSTRACT -(Knowledge and use of coastal sand-dune plant resources by communities from Cardoso (São Paulo) and Santa Catarina (Santa Catarina) islands, Brazil). This study aims to investigate the ethnobotany of coastal communities in areas of restinga (coastal sand-dune vegetation). We analyze the use of plants for medicinal, food and handicraft purposes and investigate the current situation of two local populations with similar livelihoods, but with distinct origins and geographic location, concerning their knowledge and use of plants. We compare the way both groups (caiçaras and descendants of Azorian settlers) use plant resources. This study was conducted in five communities from two regions where restinga vegetation is present: Cardoso Island (São Paulo) and the southern part of Santa Catarina Island (Santa Catarina). In spite of similarities regarding livelihood and geographic location in insular environments with access to coastal sand-dune vegetation, there are distinct forms of use of plant resources in these two groups. In addition, we concluded that the caiçaras from Cardoso Island have a stronger cultural identity and a distinct knowledge of plant resources when compared to descendants of Azorian settlements in Brazil; this knowledge is more diverse and associated with the restinga.

The listing task, a method used in social and behavioral sciences, is frequently used in ethnobotanical research to construct folk taxonomies and select relevant items for subsequent research. The objective of the present study was to determine whether visual stimuli are associated with responses to the theme “plants” or if context influences the answers. Interviews were conducted with 400 women in Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil, in four different locations: three with a visible presence of plants (a plant store, a supermarket, and a public plaza) and one with no plants (a street corner in the center of the city). The women were asked to name plants. Analysis indicates that visual stimuli influenced responses and that this is more marked in the plant store than in the other locations. The plants cited most often—roses, orchids, ferns, violets, and daisies—were, with little variation, the same in all the locales studied.

Homegardens are conservation units for native plants and reservoirs of exotic species from different origins. We analysed the species composition and diversity of edible plants on three groups of homegardens in a gradient from urban to rural situations, but under the same historical and cultural contexts, and verified how these homegardens can favour the conservation of plants from different origins. The size of each homegarden was measured and complete inventories were carried out to assess the total edible plant diversity. Plants were collected for taxonomic identification or identified in the field, and were classified for their biogeographic origin. We compared species richness and diversity among the groups of homegardens (urban, periurban and rural), and analysed their floristic similarity. A total of 109 homegardens were studied (39 urban, 60 periurban, and 10 rural). We registered a total of 101 species, 45 botanical families and 41 varieties, with 71% of the species occurring in less than 10% of the homegardens. Rural homegardens were more diverse than periurban ones, and periurban and urban homegardens are equally diverse. We found a low but significant correlation between floristic similarity and geographic distance to the urban area. Most plants were introduced, with different origins, especially from South America Lowlands. A significant amount of plants were exchanged between relatives and neighbours. These homegardens can be considered agrobiodiversity reservoirs in a micro-regional scale, being important areas for in situ and on farm conservation and including native and exotic plants.

Resumo O presente trabalho buscou verificar se os recursos vegetais da Ilha do Cardoso são efetivamente usados pelos seus caiçaras, além de avaliar se a origem biogeográfica e a finalidade de uso das plantas, bem como se fatores sócioeconômicos influem no conhecimento local. O estudo consistiu na realização de 51 entrevistas semi-estruturadas, com residentes do local há pelo menos cinco anos e maiores de 18 anos. Os resultados permitiram-nos concluir que os entrevistados retêm amplo e diverso conhecimento sobre plantas e que grande parte do que conhecem é por eles utilizado (82%). As plantas mais conhecidas são em sua maioria nativas, apesar de verificarmos maior proporção de uso entre as exóticas (95%). O conhecimento e uso variaram conforme a categoria de uso dos recursos e se mostraram, de modo geral, equivalentes em relação à idade e gênero dos informantes. Em relação à atividade exercida, constatou-se que as donas de casa usam um maior número de plantas exóticas medicinais, que os pescadores conhecem e usam mais plantas nativas manufatureiras e que monitores ambientais e os que exercem atividades relacionadas ao turismo demonstraram conhecimento semelhante, predominando o de plantas medicinais, apesar de menos usadas, em comparação com os de outras atividades profissionais.

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Legal measures, such as the use of free or prior and informed consent, return of research results to communities (which can be understood as "sharing of benefits, " according to Brazilian legislation), and research authorization by governmental bodies, are mentioned and regulated in various documents, either governmental or specific, within the area of ethnobiology. This study aims to explore how these matters are considered in the scope of published ethnobotany articles in Brazil, as well as whether the creation of the Provisional Measure 2.186-16/2001 has contributed to the national advance of these matters. The methodology comprised a literature review of articles focusing on medicinal and food plant resources in the prominent Brazilian journals which publish ethnobotany studies. From 137 articles analyzed, 8 mentioned the return of research results to the community; 21 explicitly cited the use of free or prior and informed consent; and 13 mentioned the authorization of governmental bodies. We expect that the present study will contribute to the debate regarding the necessity of reformulation of the current system, which would guarantee a more effective rapport between the government, researchers, local communities, and society and contribute to the development of ethnobotany in Brazil.

Considerando a importância de se buscar alternativas baseadas no uso sustentável e manutenção da Floresta Ombrófila Mista e de sua biodiversidade, este artigo aborda os desafios e potencialidades no uso, manejo e propagação das frutas nativas no território Cantuquiriguaçu, PR, destacando o papel da agroecologia na promoção da sociobiodiversidade local. As análises baseiam-se em pesquisa participantiva região e entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com 17 famílias agricultoras participantes da Rede Ecovida de Agroecologia. A sociobiodiversidade e a agroecologia são apontadas como importantes aliadas na produção de alimentos, de forma a conciliar a produção com a conservação e aproveitamento da biodiversidade, promovendo, assim, sua valorização e conservação ao mesmo tempo em que geram renda e qualidade de vida para comunidades e famílias agricultoras.

The presence of catfish of the Ariidae family in the list of endangered species of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), as from 2014, led to forbidding fishing two species of this family. Thus, artisanal fisherfolk lost a significant part of their income, causing conflicts between them and the fishing authorities in RS. This work aims mainly to understand the Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) of the artisanal fisherfolk of the North Coast of RS regarding the ecology and taxonomy of catfish of the Ariidae family, seeking to relate it to the establishment of the fishing regulations in force in the State. 33 semi-structured interviews were made with artisanal fisherfolk. The interviewees perceive differences among the region ethnospecies; hardly ever are they consulted during the fishing regulations establishment process. Considering the aforementioned aspects, the artisanal fisherfolk LEK on catfish can be an important tool in the participatory management of catfish fishing.